heard full argument from the Prosecution and the Defense, and will great importance of the questions of law involved, the Tribunal has express its vi [ ... ]
of the state of international law in 1939, so far as aggressive war is concerned. The General Treaty for the Renunciation of War of August 27th 1928 [ ... ]
the solemn renunciation of war as an instrument of national national policy breaks the pact. In the opinion of the Tribunal, policy necessarily invo [ ... ]
rules of the Hague Convention. In interpreting the words of the illegal, and of much greater moment than a breach of one of the Pact, it must be rem [ ... ]
the Covenant of the League of Nations for the pacific settlement facilitating the complete application of the system provided in of disputes between [ ... ]
Treaty of Versailles provided for the constitution of a special Tribunal, composed of representatives of five of the Allied and Associated Powers whi [ ... ]
with the actions of sovereign states, and provides no punishment for individuals; and further, that where the act in question is an act of state, tho [ ... ]
circumstances, protects the representatives of a state, cannot be applied to acts which are condemned as criminal by international law. The authors [ ... ]
defendants that in doing what they did they were acting under the orders of Hitler, and therefore cannot be held responsible for the acts committed b [ ... ]
aggressive war, it is clear that planning and preparation had been carried out in the most systematic way at every stage of the history. of war. In t [ ... ]