placed at the disposal of the labor commissioners. disciplining forced workers is shown in our next exhibit, 1573-PS, U.S. Exhibit 498. This is a secret order signed by Mueller himself to the regional Gestapo offices on the 18th of June 1941, and I quote from the document from the beginning. It is addressed:
"To all State Police administrative Offices, attention SS Sturmbannfuehrer Nosske or representative at Aachen.
"Subject: Measures to be taken against emigrants and civilian workers who came from the great Russian areas and against foreign workers.
"Reference: None.
"To prevent the unauthorized and arbitrary return of Russian, Ukrainian, White Ruthenians, Cossack, and Caucasian emigrants and civilian workers from the territory of the Reich to the East, and to prevent attempts at disorder by foreign workers in the German production, I decide as follows:
"(1) The managers of the branch offices of the Russian, Ukrainian, White Ruthenian, and Caucasians trustee office as well as the relief committee and the bading members of the Russian, Ukrainian, White Ruthenian, Cossack, and Caucasian emigration organizations are to be notified immediately that they are not allowed to leave their domicile without permission of the Security Police until further notice. Also they are to be told to apply the same measures to the members who are under their care. Their attention is to be called to the fact that they will be arrested because of unauthorized leaving of the place of work and domicile. I request you have a check up of the attendance of branch office leaders if possible by daily requests in these concerns.
"(2) Emigrants and foreign workers are to be arrested if it seems necessary in the situation if there is no doubt of their guilt and if they are under the suspicion of having been active for the U.S.S.R. in transmitting news. The measure is to be in readiness. However, it should not be executed before the pass word "Fremdvoelker" has been transmitted by means of "urgent" telegram.
THE PRESIDENT: Do you think you should read the rest of that?
COLONEL STOREY: Sir?
THE PRESIDENT: Is it necessary to read the rest of that?
COLONEL STOREY: I don't think so, your Honor.
THE PRESIDENT: We will adjourn now for ten minutes.
(A recess was taken from 1120-1130.)
COLONEL STOREY: If the Tribunal please, I next offer in evidence Document 3360-PS, U.S. Exhibit 499, the second volume. Before I hand this document to the translator I should like to exhibit it to your Honors. It is an Original telegram that was sent to the Gestapo office at Nurnberg. It was discovered by the C.I.C., by a Lieutenant Stevens, near Herzburg, Germany, and your Honors will notice that parts of it have been burned. It was in connection with some documents that had been buried and then they were partially burned when they were buried. This is one of the telegrams. It is from the Secret State Police, the State Police Station at Nurnberg and Furth, and it is dated the 12th of February, 1944. I quote from the telegram:
"RSHA Roman 4 F 1 45/44 Treatment, of recaptured escaped eastern laborers (Ostarbeiter). By to section Roman 4 D.- (Foreign laborers) on 10 March 1944 as to how concentration camp, between today and 10 March 1944."
By these methods the Gestapo and. SD maintained control over forced labor brought into the Reich. captured commandos and paratroopers and protected civilians who lynched Allied flyers. Gestapo and SD were responsible for taking counter measures against single parachutists or small groups of them with special missions. In substantiation I offer now Document No. 553-PS as exhibit next in order, U.S.A. Exhibit No. 500. I read from the first page of the translation, the first part of paragraph 3:
"So far as single parachutists are captured by members of the armed forces they are to be delivered to the nearest agency of the Chief of the Security Police and SD, without delay."
Now, if the Tribunal please, to divert from the text: Colonel Taylor will present the Nazi Command and a few of these orders. This is one and there is the next one, with which he is going to deal extensively. My purpose in introducing these orders now is to show the part that the Gestapo and SD played in connection with those orders. volume, USA .Exhibit 501. That is the celebrated commando order signed by the Fuehrer himself on the 18th October 1942. There were only twelve copies of this made and it boars the personal Original signature of Adolf Hitler. One copy was sent to the Reichsfuehrer SS and Chief of Security Police. That order, without reading it and getting down to the part from which I want to quote, simply provides that all commandoes, whether or not in uniform or unarmed, are to be slaughtered to the last man. I want to read down at the bottom, the beginning of paragraph 4, to show the part of the SD;
"If individual members of such commandos, such as agents, saboteurs, etc. fall into the hands of the military forces by some other means, through the police in occupied territories for instance, they are to be handed over immediately to the SD."
Another one of these orders is No. 526-PS, USA Exhibit 502, to which I would like to refer. That document has to do with some alleged saboteurs landing in Norway. It is dated the 10th May 1943 and is Top Secret. I quote the first paragraph as identifying a crew:
"On the 30.3.1943 on Toftefjord (70 degrees Lat.) an enemy cutter was Sighted, Cutter as blown up by the enemy. Crew: 2 dead men, 10 prisoners."
That is the crew. Near the bottom of that order, the third sentence from the bottom, is this statement:
"Fuehrer, order execused by S.D. (Security Service)."
We have heretofore. Produced Document R-100, USA Exhibit 333, and that was the Himmler order of 10 August 1943 which was sent to Security Police. That order provided that it was not the task of the Police to interfere in clashes between Germans, English, and American terror fliers who had bailed out. That was personally by Himmler and bearshis signature. That has been introduced in evidence, but I wanted to call the attention of the Court to it again. of occupied countries to Germany for secret trial and punishment. That is the so-called "Night and Fog Decree," issued on 7th December, 1944, by Hitler. That Decree has not been introduced in evidence. Under that decree persons who committed offenses against the Reich or occupation forces in occupied territory; except where death sentence was certain, were to be taken secretly to Germany and surrendered to the Security Police and SD for trial or punishment in Germany itself. This is the original from which we quote, beginning on the first page of the translation. It is on the stationery of the Peichsfuehrer SS and Chief of German Police, Munich 4 February 1942. Subject: Prosecution of offenses against the Reich or the occupation forces.
"I The following regulations published, by the chief of the being made known herewith:
1) The chief of the armed-Forces-High Command.
is regarded as a sign of weakness. The only way to the fate of the offender.
The deportation to Germany is for just this purpose"."The directives for the prosectuion of offenses as outlined below correspond with the Fuehrer's conception.
They have been examined and approved by him. Signed Keitel, and then follow some of the directives and descriptions. 4 of the English translation, near the bottom:
"Insofar as the SS and the Police are the competent authorities for dealing with offences committed under I, they should proceed accordingly." translation, which is the secret letter addressed to the Abwehr, I quote from page 2, It is the letter dated 2 February 1942. Passing down to the words "Enclosed please find:
1. Decree of the Fuehrer and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces 2. Executive order of the same date.
3. Communication of the Chief of the Supreme Command of the Armed The decree introduces a fundamental innovation.
The Fuehrer and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces orders that offenses committed by civilians within the occupied territories and of the kind mentioned above, are to be dealt with by the competent Military Courts in the occupied territories only, if (a) the death penalty is pronounced, and (b) sentence is pronounced within 8 days of the prisoner's arrest.
Supreme Commander does not anticipate that criminal proceedings within the occupied territories will have the necessary deterrent effect. to Germany secretly, and further dealings with the offenses will take place there; these measures will have a deterrent effect because (a) the prisoners will vanish without leaving a trace, (b) no information may be given as to their whereabouts or their fate.
Now, skipping the next paragraph to the paragraph below:
"In case the competent Military Court, res. the Military Commander are of the opinion that an immediate decision on the spot is impossible, and the prisoners are therefore to be transported to Germany, the Counter Intelligence Offices have to report this fact directly to the RSHA in Berlin, SWll, prinz Albrecht Street 7, c/o Dr. Fischer, Director of Criminal Police, stating the exact number of prisoners and of the groups which belong together as the case may be. Isolated cases where the Superior Commander has an urgent interest in the case being dealt with by a military court, are to be reported to the RSHA. Copy of the entire report has to be sent to Office Foreign Countries Intelligence Department, Abwehr III. which office of the State Police has to accept the prisoners. The latter office will communicate with the competent Counter Intelligence Office and determine with it the particulars of the removal, particularly whether this will be carried out by the Secret Field Police, the Field Gendarmerie, or the GESTAPO itself, as well as on place and the manner of the actual handing over." of their cases was permitted to reach the country from which they came, or their relatives.
I now offer Document 668-PS, US Exhibit 504. This is a letter of the Chief of the Security Police and the SD, dated the 24th of June 1942, and I quote from the first pare of the English translation, the big paragraph which is about fourth or fifth:
"It is the intent of the directive of the Fuehrer and Commander-inChief of the Wehrmacht concerning prosecution of criminal acts against the Reich or the occupation forces in occupied territories, dated 7 December 1941" -- That is the order that I first referred to -- "to create, for deterrent purposes, uncertainty over the fate of prisoners among their relatives and acquaintances, through the deportation into Reich territory of persons arrested in occupied areas on account of activity inimical to Germany. This goal would be forfeited if the relatives were to be notified in cases of death. Release of the body for burial at home is inadvisable for the same reason, and beyond that also because the place of burial could be misused for demonstrations.
"I therefore propose that the following rules be observed in the handling of cases of death:
"a. Notification of relatives is not to take place.
"b. The body will be buried at the place of decease, in the Reich.
"c. The place of burial will, for the time being, not be made known." was that they arrested, tried and punished citizens of occupied countries under special criminal procedure and by summary methods. And I next offer in evidence Document 674-PS, US Exhibit 505. civilians of occupied territories under certain circumstances. Even where there were courts capable of handling emergency cases the Gestapo conducted its own proceedings without regard to normal judicial processes. Kattowitz, dated the 3rd of December 1941, and it is addressed to the Reich Minister of Justice, Attention: Chief Councillor to the Government Stadermann or Representative in office, Berlin. The subject is "Executions by the Police and Expediting of Penal Procedure, without order;
Inclosure: 1 copy of report." I quote from the beginning:
"About three weeks ago, six chief agents (partially German) were hanged by the Police in connection with the destruction of a treasonable organization of 350 members in Tarn witz without notification of the Ministry of Justice. Such execution of criminal agents in the Bielitz district have already been made before also without knowledge of the proper authority for criminal prosecution. On 2 December 1941 the head of the state police at Kattowitz, chief councillor to the government Mildner, reported orally to the undersigned that he had ordered, with authority from the Reich-lender of the SS as necessary immediate action, these executions by public hanging at the place of the crime; and that deterring measures would also have to be continued in the future until the criminal and actively anti-German powers in the occupied Eastern territories have been destroyed, or until ether immediate actions, perhaps also by the courts, would guarantee equal frightening effect. Accordingly, six leaders of another Polish organization guilty of high treason in the district in and around Sosnowitz were to be hanged publicly today as an example.
"About this procedure the undersigned expressed considerable doubts.
"Besides the fact that such measures have been withdrawn from the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts and are contradictory to the laws not put out of effect, a justified emergency for the exceptional proceedings by the police alone cannot, in our opinion, be lawfully recognized.
"The penal justice in our district within the limits of our jurisdiction is quite capable of fulfilling its duty of immediate penal retribution by means of a special form of special judicial activity (establishment of a so-called Rapid Special Court). Indictment and preceeding could be speeded up in such a way that between turning the case over to the public prosecutor and execution no more than three days would elapse if the practice of pardoning is simplified and if the decision, if necessary, can be obtained by long distance call. This was expressed yesterday to the head of the state police at Kattowitz by the undersigned.
"We cannot believe that execution by the police of criminals, especially German criminals, can be considered more effective through shattering the sense of justice of many German countrymen. In the long run they might, in spite of public terrorizing, lead even more to further brutality of minds, which is contrary to the intended purpose of pacifying. These deliberations, however, do not apply to future lawful competence of a drumhead court-martial for Poles and Jews." viously been introduced in evidence, but it bears on this subject, and I will simply summarize in a word what it provided. Minister of Justice; and Himmler came to an understanding by which antisocial elements were to be turned over to Himmler to be worked to death. That is in Document 654-PS, and a special criminal procedure was to be applied by the police to the Jews, Poles, Gypsies, Russians, and Ukrainians who were not to be tried in ordinary criminal courts. is the order of November 5, 1942, issued by the RSHA, and that is document L-316, US Exhibit 346. I don't think it is necessary to quote from that except to state that that letter provides that the administration -- in fact, the last statement in it just before the signature provides:
"The administration of penal law for persons of alien race must be transferred from the hands of the administrators of justice into the hands of the police." That is the part that connects the Police with it, and I will not quote from the document otherwise. or confined persons in concentration camps for crimes allegedly committed by their relatives, and in that connection, I offer Document L-37 in the first volume, U.S. Exhibit 506.
That is a letter dated the 19th of July 1944. I call your Honor's attention to the fact that it is dated in 1944, sent by the Commander of the SIPO and SD for the District of Radom to the Foreign Service Office in Tomaschow. a number of cases in connection with the District of Radom, and your Honors will remember that it is a list of the people in the District of Tomaschow.
The subject of this letter is "Collective responsibility of members of families of assassins and saboteurs," I will read after the word "precedents."
"The Higher SS and Police Leader East has issued on 28 June 1944 the following order:
" 'The security situation in the General Government has in the last nine months grown worse to such an extent, that from now on the most radical means and the harshest measures must prevail against the alien assassins and saboteurs. The Reichsfuehrer SS, in agreement with the General Government, has ordered that, in all cases in which attacks and attempts of assassinations against Germans have resulted, or saboteurs destroyed installations essential to life, not only the seized perpetrators be shot but that because of it all the men of the kin also be executed and their female relatives who are over 16 years be put into concentration camps. Strict presumption is hereby taken for granted that if the perpetrator or the perpetrators are not seized their names and addresses be readily ascertained. As male members of the kin can be considered for example: the father, sons (insofar as they are over 16 years of age), brothers, brothers-in-law, cousins and uncles of the perpetrator. Against the women, proceedings must take place in the same manner.
With this procedure it is intended to insure a total liability of all men and women of the kin of the perpetrator. It furthermore affects to the utmost the family circle of the political criminal. This practice has shown, for example, already at the end of 1939 the best results in the new eastern territories, especially in the Warthe districe. As soon as this new method for combatting assassins and saboteurs becomes known to these foreign people -- this may be achieved by oral propaganda -- the female members of a kin in which members of the resistance movement or bands are present, as shown by experience, will exert a curbing influence." prisoners of war, and I refer to Document 1531-PS, US Exhibit 248. This document contains an order of 12 June 1942, signed by Mueller, 1531 in the second volume, which authorized the use of third degree methods in interrogations where preliminary investigation indicated that the prisoners could give information on important facts such as subversive activities, but not to extort confessions of the prisoner's own crimes.
Now, I quote from Page 2 of the English translation, Paragraph 2:
"Third degree may, under this supposition, only be employed against Communists, Marxists, Jehovah's Witnesses, saboteurs, terrorists, members of resistance movements, parachute agents, anti-social elements, Polish or Soviet-Russian loafers or tramps. In all other cases, my permission must first be obtained."
Then I pass to paragraph 4 at the end:
"Third degree can, according to the circumstances, consist amongst other methods, of:
"Very simple diet (bread and water); hard bunk; dark cell; deprivation of sleep; exhaustive drilling; also in flogging (for more than 20 strokes a doctor must be consulted.)" the District of Radom published an order issued by the Befehlshaber of the SIPO and the SD at Cracow, which is Exhibit L-89, US Exhibit 507, L-89, in the first volume. This followed closely the provisions of the previous decree that I have just quoted from, and I quote the first paragraph after the list of offices on the first page:
"In view of the variety of methods used to date in intensified interrogations and in order to avoid excesses, also to protect officials against eventual criminal proceedings, the Befehlshaber of the Security Police and of the SD in Cracow has issued the following order for the Security Police in the General Government which is based on the regulations in force for the Reich."
And then the regulations are quoted. The significance of this document is that it proves that as late as 1944 third degree interrogations were still being conducted by the Gestapo. agencies for the persecution of the Jews, and I do not intend to go into any of the evidence previously introduced, except to refer to the part of these organizations. program carried out by the Einsatz Groups of the SIPO and SD and in the annihilation camps to which Jews were sent by the SIPO and SD has already been considered, and I simply cite the Tribunal to Document 2615-PS, which has previously been introduced, and in which it was referred to the number of Jews executed and referred to by Eichmann. I simply call attention that Eichmann was head of Section B 4 of the Gestapo. That section of the Gestapo dealt with Jewish affairs, including matters of evacuation, means of suppressing enemies of the people and State, and the dispossession of rights of German citizenship.
laws, which have heretofore been introduced..
I now invite your Honors' attention to Document 3058-PS, US Exhibit 508. That, I'd like to exhibit to your Honors, is a red-bordered document signed by Heydrich himself, and addressed to the Defendant Goering. It is dated the 11th of November 1938, I pass this to the reporter, and before it is passed to the reporter there is an appendix attached to it to the effect that the matter had been called to the attention of the Defendant Goering. connection with the anti-Jewish demonstration, you will recall, in the fall of 1938. This is a report from Heydrich himself personally to the Defendant Goering. It is addressed to the Prime Minister, General Field Marshal Goering, and is dated the 15th of November 1938, and the previous documents showed that that activity occurred just before, and the order for it in connection with the Jewish uprising or extermination:
"The extent of the destruction of Jewish shops and houses cannot yet be verified by figures. The figures given in the reports: 815 shops destroyed, 171 dwelling houses set on fire or destroyed, only indicate a fraction of the actual damage caused, as far as arson is concerned. Due to the urgency of the reporting, the reports received to date are entirely limited to general statements such as numerous' or 'most shops destroyed.' Therefore, the figures given must have been exceeded considerably "191 synagogues were set on fire, and another 76 completely destroyed.
In addition, 11 parish halls, cemetery chapels and similar buildings were set on fire and three more completely destroyed.
"20,000 Jews were arrested, also 7 Aryans and three foreigners. The latter were arrested for their own safety.
"36 deaths were reported and those seriously injured were also numbered at 36. Those killed and injured are Jews. One Jew is still missing. The Jews killed include one Polish national, and those injured include two Poles."
Now, the paper appended to that document I want to call your Honors' special attention to:
"The General Field Marshall" -- that is Goering-- "has been informed no steps are to be taken, by order and dated the 15th of November 1938," by an illegible signature. Goering with this entire program, and we next offer in evidence the original of that order, 710-PS, US Exhibit 509. That is an order dated the 31st of July 1941. It is written on the stationery of the Reich Marshal of the Greater German Reich, Commissioner for the Four-Year Plan, Chairman of the Ministerial Council for National Defense, and it is dated at Berlin, the 31st of July 1941; and directed to the Chief of the Security Police and the Security Service, SS Gruppenfuehrer Heydrich.
"Complementing the task that was assigned to you on 24 January 1939, which dealt with arriving at -- through furtherance of emigration and evacuation, a solution of the Jewish problem, as advantageous as possible, I hereby charge you with making all necessary preparations in regard to organizational and financial matters for bringing about a complete solution of the Jewish question in the German sphere of influence in Europe.
"Wherever other governmental agencies are involved, these are to cooperate with you.
"I charge you furthermore to send me, before long, an overall plan concerning the organizational, factual and material measures necessary for the accomplishment of the desired solution of the Jewish question." Signed, "Goering." final solution of the Jewish problem was as conceived by Heydrich and executed by the Security Police and SD under him and under the Defendant Kaltenbrunner, which was enslavement and mass murder. and SD to which I will refer is that these organizations were the primary agencies for the persecution of the churches. Already evidence has been received concerning the persecution of the churches. In this struggle the Gestapo and the SD played a secret but very highly significant part.
Section B 1 of the Gestapo dealt with political Catholicism. Section B 2 dealt with political Protestantism, and Section B 3 with other churches and Freemasonry. a peculiar function of the Gestapo to combat it. It issued restrictions against church activities, dissolved church organization, and placed clergymen in protective custody. This is a very large file, this original document, and I want to quote only portions of it This was a file of the Gestapo regional office at Aachen. It discloses the purpose of the Gestapo in combatting the churches was to destroy them, and from the beginning I want to read the first page of the English translation, 1815.
IV, B, 1, to all Staatspolizeileitstellen. For information: The SD LeitAbschnitten; the Inspectors of the SIPO and SD.
I understand this word "Abschnitten" means sub-division.
"The chief of the RSHA has issued an order, which is to come into immediate operation, in which the SD and SIPO Study and Treatment of Church Politics, which has hitherto been divided between the SD-Abschnitte and Stapostellen, shall now be taken ever entirely by the Stapostellen," which I understand means Regional Offices of the Gestapo. on March 1, 1941. "In addition to combatting opposition, the Stapostellen thus take over the entire Gegnernachrichtendienst"-I understand that word means counter-intelligence--"in this sphere.
"In order that the Stapostellen should be in a position to take over this work, the Chief of the SIPO-SD has ordered that Church Specialists, hitherto employed in the SD-Abschnittren, should be temporarily transferred to the same posts at the Regional Gestapo Offices and operate the Nachrichtendienst"-which means Intelligence Service in the Church.
"On the orders of the Chief of the RSHA, and after reaching agreement with the heads of Amts III, II, and I , those Church Specialists specified in the attached lists"-
THE PRESIDENT (Interposing): Is it necessary to give us the details of this?
COLONEL STOREY: No, sir, I don't think so. a direction as to how they will proceed. conference of these so-called Church Specialists attached to the Gestapo Regional Offices that I have mentioned. That was held in the lecture hall of the RSHA in Berlin. Notes were taken, and this same document contains notes of that conference. The program is shown; the plan is worked out in connection with the churches. I will just read the closing statement to these so-called Church Specialists; it is very short:
"Each one of you must go to work with your whole heart and a true fanaticism. Should a mistake or two be made in the execution of this work, this should in no way discourage you, since mistakes are made everywhere. The main thing is that the enemy"--meaning the church--"should be constantly tackled with determination, will, and effective initiative." is on the eighth page of the English translation, which sets out their immediate aim and their ultimate aim; it is on page 8 of the English Translation:
"The immediate aim: The Church must not regain one inch of the ground it has lost.
"The ultimate aim: Destruction of the Confessional Churches to be brought about by the collection of all material obtained through Nachrichtendienst activities, which will, at a given time, be produced as evidence for the charge of treasonable activities during the German fight for existence." presentation which I shall make in connection with the SD and Gestapo. Closely allied with it is the case against Kaltenbrunner, as the representative of these organizations, which will be presented immediately after lunch by Lieutenant Whitney Harris. Also, there will be one or two witnesses that will be introduced in connection with these organizations and in connection with Kaltenbrunner.
With that I should like to conclude, with just these remarks: in Prussia in April 1933 for the specific purpose of serving as a police agency to strike down the actual and ideological enemies of the Nazi regime, and that henceforward the Gestapo in Prussia and in the other states of the Reich carried out a program of terror against all who were thought to be dangerous to the domination of the conspirators over the people of Germany. Its methods were utterly ruthless. It operated outside the law and sent its victims to the concentration camps. The term "Gestapo" became the symbol of the Nazi regime of force and terror.
of informants; spied upon the German people in their daily lives, on the streets, in the shops, and even within the sanctity of the churches. Gestapo where his fate and freedom were decided without recourse to law. In this government in which the rule of law was replaced by a tyrannical rule of men, the Gestapo was the primary instrumentality of oppression.
criminal act of the conspiracy. The category of these crimes, apart from the thousands of specific instances of torture and cruelty in policing Germany for the benefit of the corspirators, reads like a page from the Devil's notebook: for attacking Poland. children by the infamous Einsatz groups. of war camps, and murdered them. murdered them. thousands of people into them for extermination and slave labor. hundres of thousands to their deaths in annihilation camps. countries and shipped them to Germany for forced labor, and sent slave laborers to labor reformatory camps. civilians who lynched allied flyers. trial and punishment. under special criminal procedures which did not accord fair trials, and by summary methods. persons who had allegedly committed crimes. prevent their release by the allied armies. private property.
tion, closely centralized and controlled from Berlin headquarters. Reports were submitted to Berlin and all important decisions emanated from Berlin. The regional offices had only limited power to commit persons to concentration camps. All cases, other than of short duration, had to be submitted to Berlin for approval.
The Gestapo was organized on a functional basis. Its principal divisions dealt with the groups and instutions against which it committed the worst crimes - which I have enumerated. each section performing its parts in the general criminal enterprises ordered by Berlin. The Secret State Police should be held responsible as an organization for the vast crimes in which it participated.
The SD was at all times a department of the SS. Its criminality directly concerns and contributes to the criminality of the SS. in the sense in which that term is used in Article 9 of the Charter; that the Defendants Goering and Kaltenbrunner committed the crimes defined in Article 6 of the Charter in their capacity as members and leaders of the Gestapo; and that the Gestapo, as an organization, participated in and aided the conspiracy which contemplated and involved the commission of the crimes defined in Article 6 of the Charter. of the famours Heydrich, the former Chief of the Security Police and SD, and I quote from a speech published therein, which was delivered by Heydrich on German Police Day, 1941, as follows, of which I ask the Tribunal to take judicial notice:
"Secret State Police, Criminal Police, and SD are still adorned with the furtive and whispered secrecy of a political detective story. In a mixture of fear and shuddering - and yet at home with a certain feeling of security because of their presence - brutality, inhumanity bordering on the sadistic, and ruthlessness are attributed abroad to the men of this profession."