I remember well that all the names had a Slavic sound with the exception of the names Buck, Adloff and Hirtz. This reaction requested by Haagen could only concern a spotted fever research. Grafe told me that this concerned itself with measures to standardize experiments with Haagen's vaccine.
6. In the beginning of 1944 after a long absence from Strasbourg, I visited Mr. Meyer to get some information from him. On this occasion Meyer told me that Grafe had in his presence admitted that Haagen had tested this new vaccine initially. Later, though, they infected prisoners of concentration camps with living spotted fever virus.
7. I know that the researches described under 5. were made in the concentration camp of Schirmeck and that Grafe took a direct part in all of them. Haagen and Grafe spread the rumor in the Institute that nobody should have any thoughts against these experiments since no Alsatians but only Poles were used as human guinea pigs. From Meyer I have learned, too, that Haagen together with Professor Hitr made some trials of combat gas (Kampfstoff)(Lost) in Natzweiler on Jewish prisoners.
8. Haagen let it be known to all personnel and even to the charwomen that everything they learned either officially or unofficially must be kept very secret and that a breach of this secrecy would be punished very severly. I know that from the people who used to work there."
This affidavit, your Honor, pretty well corroborates the documentary evidence read in the record here today. I now turn to Document number NO-304 which will be offered as Prosecution's Exhibit number 315. This is dated 22 November 1946 in the English translation. That is an error. The original is 22 November 1942. This document concerns -
JUDGE SEBRING: 22 November?
MR. HARDY: 22 October 1942. 22 October 1942. This document, your Honors, concerns the yellow fever work. This is addressed to the Inspectorate of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe, who at this time was Hippke, regarding research orders:
"For the establishments of the research laboratories of the Hygienic Institute the apparatus named on the enclosed list was ordered about a year ago at the firm Franz Bergmanh and Paul Altmann in Berlin. As I am now informed by the firm there is no possibility of manufacturing and, therefore, no possibility of delivery unless the apparatus is indicated on the SS-priority list. Since the apparatus is all needed by L. In. 14 --" the familiar code letters of the signature of Anthony -"for the fabrication of vaccines it is requested to grant this priority to the firm Bergmann and Altmann for the execution of the order.
"Furthermore, it is requested to place at disposal permits for --" I have a letter out of my book here. "Furthermore, it is requested to place at the disposal permits for iron in the smallest possible tickets for the current procuring of smaller appliances made from iron, as, for instance, wire appliances for animals' cages, tacks, small tools, etc. At the moment 100 kgs. are wanted.
"At the same time a new sketch for the direction of use is submitted which is to be enclosed in the packages of yellow fever vaccine with the request of quick dispatching so that the direction for use might be printed now." signed, "Stabsarzt Professor Dr. Eugen Haagen."
Now, in this connection as part of the same document we have the attachment mentioned.
, "Direction foruse for the yellow fever vaccine matter of the Hygenic Institute of the University of Strasbourg. Attenuated live yellow fever virus from mice brains. Contents of Package: 1. glass tube of dried vaccine (color ranging according to blood composition of brains, from white to reddish.) 2. glass tube containing 2 cem. distillated, sterilized water." Continuing on to name the contents of the package, we have the section on the preparation of the vaccinel It gives us the detailed information which would be of interest to the Tribunal, but I refrain from reading it here.
The third section is the process of vaccination. "One package provides fifty inocullations. Use a sterile point for each innoculation. Vaccination is administered on the upper arm liie vaccination against smallpox. Cleanse arm with alcohol, other or spirit (not with tincture of iodine.) Dip vaccine point in tube, superficially scratch skin and thoroughly rub in vaccine with point. Let it dry. No bandaging. After use, the vaccine should be rendered harmless by boiling or by dipping tube into a liquid disinfectant. Ice vaccination is not followed by skin reactions. General symptoms are usually absent. Occasionally, mild headaches or physical discomfort occur. Any serious reactions, especially manifestations of jaundice or albumin must be reported immediately to the Health Inspectorate through official channels, mentioning Op. No."
Now we turn to the next page, 112, document number NO-297 which is dated 14 July '43. This is offered as Prosecution's Exhibit No. 316. "Subject: Research Order for Yellow Fever Vaccine," and here in the reference we see again our familiar code letters, L. In. 14, and then in parenthesis "2, Roman Numberal II. B." At this time it was Anthony addressed to Stabsarzt Professor Dr. E. Haagen:
"The Inspectorate of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe requests discontinuance of the further current production of yellow fever vaccine and of the formerly prescribed availability of 50,000 portions of vaccine.
"It is, however, requested to keep the equipment (animals, yellow fever cultures, instruments, stock of wrapping material and vessel for consignment, etc.) ready for use so that it may be possible at any time to restart production of yellow fever vaccine to the formerly provided extent on order of L. In. 14.
"The Inspectorate requests the continuance of the work for the technical development of the procedure of vaccination and of the production of vaccine."
Now a copy of this letter was sent -- it shows on the document this information --- to Physician for Air Fleet 3. Air Gau physician VII, Reference 4, Professor Rose.
In this connection, we have the next Document, which is very interesting on yellow fever, No. 139, offered as Prosecution Exhibit 317. This is dated 7 March 1944. It is a letter from the high Command of the Navy, Dr. Grunske, addressed to Dr. Haagen at Strasburg:
"In connection with my letter of 26 February and your long distance telephone call of 6 March, I must advise that the Japanese Oberstabsarzt has in the meantime contacted Oberstarzt Prof. Dr. Rose of the Luftwaffe Medical Service and that the latter has promised to secure for him from Strasburg all the accounts concerning the yellow fever virus experiments which are important to him. Therefore, Oberstarzt Dr. Rose will give you further do tails. I therefore ask that the matter be considered closed between us."
Here we have Prof. Rose aiding the Japanese doctor in securing all the accounts concerning the yellow fever virus experiments. The fact that Professor Rose would give all of the accounts of the yellow fever virus experiments to the Japanese doctor indicates he must have been in pretty close contact in order to fulfill this request.
We turn now to the next document, Document No. 310, which is offered as Prosecution Exhibit 318. This is dated 19 April 1944 and is from Haagen:
"Subject" Production of Typhus-vaccine.
To Air Fleet - physician Reich "Enclosed herewith I am submitting tho copy of a letter I addressed to the Reich Minister of Aviation and Supreme Commander of the Luftwaffe, wherein I suggested the establishment of a Typhus Vaccine Production Center at the Hygiene Institute of the Reich University at Strassburg."
Then "Subject: Production of Typhus-Vaccine, addressed "To the: Reich Minister of Aviation and Supreme Commander of the Luftwaffe, Quartermaster-General Chief of Medical Service of the Luftwaffe," who was at that time the defendant Schroeder.
"The following suggestions are made regarding the establishment of a production station for Typhus-Vaccine for the Wehrmacht at the Hygiene Institute of the Reich University at Strassburg, based on a monthly production of vaccine for 100,000 persons."
Now, the next page contains merely what is necessary to sot up the institute, linen, tools, furniture and the like. We pass on to Page 117 of Your honors' Document Book, at the bottom of page three. It pertains to Specialists concerning personnel:
"1 Specialist-Bacteriologist for assistance and replacement during my absence, on trips in connection with my duties as consulting hygienist. He must be able to take over all responsibility so that this work may continue undisturbed. I am considering Staff Physician Dr. Kairies, assistant Professor and lecturer at the Halle University, for the time being attacked to a Panzer-army as Consulting Hygienist. Staff physician Kairies has been on active duty since the beginning of the war. According to his statement, replacement is available. I have already contacted Herr Oberstabsarzt, lecturer Dr. Schmidt of the Office of the Chief of the Medical Service of the Wehrmacht on this subject. Will you please request the release or detachment of Staff physician Dr. Kairies through the ordinary channels?"
You will note, your Honors, that Haagen here states he has contacted the office of the defendant Handloser and contacted Dr, Schmidt, who was a subordinate of the chief of the medical Service of the Wehrmacht, defendant Siegfried Handloser. He also requested some technical assistants, which are listed and he states:
"The above-mentioned assistants according to Staff physician Kairies are especially skilled for the work planned. The other two technical assistants should be assigned directly by the Wehrmacht. "He needs 1 skilled assistant chemist to be also assigned by the Wehrmacht and 1 junior assistant to help the assistant chemist.
He continues on to state the other personnel required. At the bottom of the page, the last paragraph No. IV, same page No. 118, ho states:
"In order to be effective the production center must be declared a war essential industry. The costs are to be not by the Wehrmacht. All expanses the Institute has to bear in the course of the production of the vaccine are to be repaid by the Wehrmacht. The personnel status will be kept by tic Wehrmacht. The rooms are placed at disposal by the University of Strassburg. The costs for water, current and gas are charged to the University."
Here is Haagen proposing the establishment of a vaccine production institute, which is based on the results of his experiments, which arc done for the benefit of the Wehrmacht. He states that the brunt of the cost will lave to be borne by the Wehrmacht.
The next Document in this Document Book, No. 130, Prosecution Exhibit 319 concerns a Report on the Successes with T.A.B.Chel. Vaccines, dated Strasburg, 4 August 1944. The subject is:
"OML, Chief of the Luftwaffe Medical Service.
"The following T.A.B. Chel-Vaccines were used:
"02-08, 10,30 and 226, the latter obviously pertaining to a number from 1 to 10.
"It appease that no strong reactions were produced by Nos. 03, 05, 10 and 30. One unit reported 1 to 2 days absence from work as a result of 05, which would seem to indicate a stronger general reaction. The units which were vaccinated with 02 had reactions of the most extreme form; temperatures rose to 41° c. A large number of these vaccinated were unable to work for two to three weeks. One unit reported 60 to 70 percent bedridden with a corresponding decrease in employability. Furthermore nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath and paralysis of the lower extremities were reported.
Concerning No. 04 there are varying reports: some raise no objection to it, others state that it was generally agreeable with only slight local reactions. Three units, however, reported more pronounced local and general reactions with rising temperatures, one unit reported that almost all those vaccinated had more pronounced local and general reactions; however, there was no effect on employability.
"Nos. 06, 07, 08 and 226 resulted throughout in such strong reactions that their usability is questionable. No. 06: in one unit a loss of 1 day by 5 to 7 percent or account of fever; in one unit 90 percent fever up to 38.5 C, and less of 1 to 2 days; in one unit 90 percent very strong local and general reactions, in one unit even 30 percent. Furthermore, one unit reported 90 percent local and general reactions, with fever up to 40 percent. Particular phenomena reported were ulceration and several cases cf chills. Such strong local and general reactions occurred throughout one unit after the first injection, with temperatures from 39-40 C up, that the troop doctor did not continue and complete the vaccination series. Only a few units reported no particular reactions. No. 8: a large number cf units imported up to 40, 1 to 2 days less of work. One unit reported that, of 300 persons vaccinated, 50 percent suffered general disorders, 30 percent showed a decreased capacity for work, 10 to 15 percent were bedridden for 1 to 2 days. Particular symptoms reported were inflammation of the stomach and intestines, diarrhea, canker sores, a rash (like measles), chills with cramps and and case of inflammation cf the brain.
"The following T.A.B.-Chel-Vaccines were delivered for distribution." The operations numbers are here given. "Or the basis of the reports, it oust be assumed that all Operation Numbers were used. Furthermore, there are very dissimilar reports concerning the efficacy cf the individual." Here additional numbers are listed.
"Furthermore, Nos. 15, 44, 48 W 55, W 59 and the two unidentified numbers may be appraised as agreeable with minor local and general reaction; the reactions caused 1 to 2 days loss of work, but their frequency was not noted. Essentially, the same observations were reported concerning the remaining Operations numbers; strong or very strong local and general reactions, fever up to 40, transitory loss of work, diarrhea, chills, shortness of breath, near-collapse (2 cases), and one third of these vaccinated with No. 1024 suffered local infiltration.
"Comparative study shows that the Asid Vaccines appear, on the average, to be considerably loss agreeable than the Behring Vaccines, even though the reactions to some of the latter surpass endurance. Without further study, it cannot be determined what causes strong reactions to usable vaccines. The general impression is that, in particular, the Asid Vaccine in its present form will have to be rejected for use by the Wehrmacht, since it is to be feared that the scope of the reactions could cause considerable losses and decrease in the employability of the Vaccinated units. Some of the Behring Vaccines also resulted in injury to the general state of health, which caused one to two day losses. In evaluation those reports, it is necessary, of course, to consider the dissimilar opinions of the individual troop doctors concerning the strength of the reactions. As is correctly emphasized in the report of Kerpsarzt XIV, the advantage of the combined T.A.B.Cholera vaccinations cannot be overestimated since the troops can be vaccinated in the shortest possible period of time. On the other hand, this would be possible only with temporarily inactive units. The present-day vaccines could not be recommended for activated or about-to-be activated troops since it cannot be predicted, on the basis of experiences to date, whether the troop will remain fully employable after the frequent strong reactions.
As long as the Vaccine Industry cannot produce a vaccine which does hot result in strong reactions, such as the T.A.B. vaccine, the T.A.B.-Chel. Vaccine will have to be rejected for the Wehrmacht, as unusable."
If Your Honors please, exclusive cf the document that has to be submitted after it has been corrected and another witness cf two in connection with the typhus experiments, this completes the presentation of evidence in connection with the typhus, yellow fever, small pox and cholera, and the other experiments as charged in the Indictment, Count II, 6(j) and Count III, 11.
The Prosecution has clearly shown the program of experimentation in Buchenwald and Natzweiler concentration camps. We have shown by the testimony of the witnesses and the overwhelming amount of evidence that experiments were conducted for the benefit of the German armed forces to investigate the effectiveness of typhus and other vaccines. The testimony of tic witnesses, as well as the supporting documents, has conclusively established that a virulent virus was used in both camps during the course cf these experiments and that as a result thereof numerous deaths occurred.
The weight cf the evidence has also shown that the Wehrmacht, the SS, the Reich Research Council, the Luftwaffe and other organizations participated in an active manner in tie entire program.
At this time Mr. McHaney will continue the Prosecution's case in chief with the presentation of evidence regarding the so-called mercy killing program.
DR. HOFFMANN (Counsel for defendant Pekerny): On 29 may 1946 we were told that applications for witnesses and documents were to be made as seen as possible. Accordingly, I have hitherto named three witnesses--an expert, Dr. Jung; the witness Aiska; and the witness Miss Merten, the secretary of the defendant Pekerny. I sent a telegram to Miss Merten before Christmas asking her to come hero and talk to her here. On the basis cf this conversation, I requested her as a witness on 2 January 1947. During my conversation with her she said that up to that time no no -- that is, not the Prosecution either--had examined tor.
Today I have been informed by the office for the Defense Counsel, Lt. Garrett, that the two first mentioned witnesses have been approved and are to be brought here. The third witness, Miss Merten, on the other hand, had become a Prosecution witness.
I ask for a decision of the Court that the Prosecution can examine the witnesses I have named for the first time in cross examination and that Miss Merten should not be considered a Prosecution witness.
I have submitted my application in writing. I have handed it to the General Secretary.
MR. McHANEY: If the Tribunal please, this comes as somewhat of a surprise to the Prosecution. I have never heard of Fraulein Merten. I certainly have no intention of calling her as a Prosecution witness, and--I am quite sure about it--no one on my staff has talked to her or so muck as knows of her. I don't know where Defense Counsel has obtained his information, but this must be some mistake somewhere, because I know nothing about it. I am quite sure that none of the attorneys who are participating in this proceeding have so much as talked to her.
Maybe by some coincidence some other section nay have some interest in her, but I have groat doubts about that. Certainly the Prosecution in this case has no interest in the witness at all, and, as far as we are concerned, she is a Defense witness, and we shall not speak to her.
THE PRESIDENT: I will ask the Counsel for the Defendant if that statement complies with what he desires or if there is anything else he would like the Tribunal to do about the matter.
DR. HOFFMANN: I obtained my information from Lt. Garrett, the liaison man between the General Secretary and us. He gave mo a slip of paper on which it says, One and Two--that is, Jung and Ziska--approved. Tree--that is Merten--Prosecution.
THE PRESIDENT: It is now almost time for the Court to recess I would suggest that Counsel for the Appellant and for the Prosecution gain information about this matter cf this witness and take the natter up before the Tribunal at the opening cf Court tomorrow morning.
I would say in addition that applications for documents and witnesses lave been functioned on by the Tribunal at the earliest possible moment. As far as I knew, all such applications that have come to the Tribunal have now been functioned on and have been returned to the Secretary General. There have been some unavoidable delays, of course, from time to time pertaining to certain matters because the Tribunal, as everyone else, is occupied long hours in official duties which render it difficult to take up matters outside cf Court, but I think that all applications such as that have now been functioned on by the Tribunal and are in the hands of the Secretary General. It is the desire of the Tribunal to expedite all such natters as much as possible. Proceed, Counsel.
DR. FRITZ (Counsel for defendant Rose): Mr. President, I have quite a brief matter on Document Book 12, which we just completed a few minutes ago. Document 139 was read. That is a letter of Klunsger to Prof. Hagen.
THE PRESIDENT: Will you advise the Court as to the page of the document bock on which that document is found?
DR. FRITZ: Page 113. In this letter it says that Prof. Rose promised the Japanese doctor to secure for him all important information, including yellow fever virus experiments, from Strasbourg.
How, my client points out to no that the Prosecution changed the word "test" to "experiment". That is something entirely different from the German word "Proben", which, according to my client is "sample" in English.
THE PRESIDENT: I would suggest that, with the other matters that are to be investigated tonight, the matter of the correct translation of the document be also taken up this evening and reported to the Court in the morning.
The Tribunal will new recess until 9:30 o'clock.
(The Tribunal adjourned until 0930 hours, 10 January 1947.)
Official transcript of the American Military Tribunal in the matter of the United States of America, against Karl Brandt, et al, defendants, sitting at Nurnberg, Germany, on 10 January 1947, 0930, Justice Beals presiding.
THE MARSHAL: The Honorable Judges of Military Tribunal 1.
Military Tribunal his now in session.
God save the United States of America and this Honorable Tribunal.
There will be order in the courtroom.
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Marshal, ascertain if the defendants are present in the court.
THE MARSHAL: May it please Your Honor, all the defendants are present in the court.
THE PRESIDENT: The Secretary-General will note for the record the presence of all the defendants in the court.
DR. KAUFMANN (Attorney for the defendant Rudolf Brandt):
Mr. President, in reference to my application yesterday concerning the witness Merton, I have the following explanation to make. Lt. Garrett has told me that the information that the witness Morton was a prosecution witness was a misunderstanding. Independently of this, the prosecution has told me that they do not intend to examine my witnesses before they appear before the court. Therefore, I consider my application settled.
THE PRESIDENT: The record will so snow.
MR. HARDY: May it please the Tribunal, two of the problems that we will clear up the first thing this morning, one, the translation of two documents we wish to delay for a matter of an hour or two while we are getting them processed and in the meantime prosecution would like to call a witness as to the sulfanilimide experiments at Ravensbruck. This witness has just been able to arrive in Nurnberg and we have previously introduced two affidavits from the witness, Sofia Magzka, her name is. At this time we would like to call the witness Sofia Magzka for examination.
May I explain, Your Honor, she will give her name and. take the oath in Polish and will testify in German. The gentleman here is a Polish interpreter
THE PRESIDENT: The witness Sofia Magzka is present in court. The witness will raise her right hand. You will translate the oath to the witness as I read it.
I, Sofia Magzka, do solemnly swear that the evidence I shall give shall be the truth, the whole truth and. nothing but the truth, so help me God.
(The witness repeated the oath.)
THE PRESIDENT: The witness may be. seated.
I will now administer the oath to the interpreter. Raise your right hand and repeat after me:
I do solemnly swear that I will perform my duties as interpreter to the Tribunal to the best of my ability and skill, so help me God.
(The interpreter repeated the oath.)
DIRECT EXAMINATION.
BY MR. HARDY:
Q. Witness, for the convenience of the court would you testify before this Tribunal in the German language?
A. I am prepared to testify in German.
Q. Witness, your name is Sofia Magzka?
A. My name is Sofia Magzka.
Q. You spell your last name M-A-G-Z-K-A?
A. Yes.
Q. You were born on November 30, 1905, is that correct?
A. Yes.
Q. You were horn in Cracow, the Austrian part of Poland?
A. Yes, I was born in Cracow.
Q. Witness, what is your present address?
A. Cracow, Szlak 55.
Q. Now, witness, from 1916 to 1924 you studied at the public high school and junior college, that is, the Gymnasium in Cracow, is that correct?
A. Yes.
Q. You graduated in 1924 from the Gymnasium?
A. Yes.
Q. And in 1924 did you enter the medical school of the University of Cracow?
A. Yes.
Q. You completed your studies at that university in 1930, is that correct?
A. Yes.
Q. When did you receive your medical degree from that university?
A. On the 30th of June, 1930.
Q. And you are now a medical doctor, is that correct?
A. Yes.
Q. Now, from 1930 to 1932 were you rotating interne at the medical clinic in Cracow?
A. Yes.
Q. At the same time were you at the X-Ray Institute of Cracow, public health, public insurance hospital?
A. Yes.
Q. After you completed your internship in 1932 did you do postgraduate work at the X-Ray Institute of University of Vienna?
A. Yes.
Q. You later attended the University of Utrecht?
A. Yes.
Q. From 1932 to 1935 did you hold a position as assistant at the X-Ray Department of the Public Insurance System in Cracow?
A. 1934 to 1935.
Q. Now, after that did you serve as chief physician in charge of the X-Rag department of the Catholic Brothers Hospital in Cracow?
A. Yes.
Q. What period of time did that cover?
A. January 1936 until was arrested.
Q. At the same time from 1939 to 1941 did you also do private consulting practice as an X-Ray specialist in addition to your hospital work?
A. Yes.
Q. Witness, when and where were yon arrested?
A. Cracow, in September 1941.
Q. Will you tell me what was the reason for your arrest. What was the reason for your arrest, witness?
A. I was with my mother and my brother when I was arrested as a suspect for belonging to a secret organization.
Q. You were arrested, I presume, by the Gestapo, is that right?
A. Yes.
Q. After year arrest where were you sent for imprisonment?
A. I was sent to the Protectorate Police in Cracow.
Q. Then were you actually sent to the Ravensbruck Concentration camp?
A. I was taken to the Ravensbruck Concentration Camp on 13 September 1941.
Q. Did you remain at the Ravensbruck Concentration Camp until when, until May 2nd, 1945?
A. On 26 April 1945 I left the camp, and I was taken to Sweden where I arrived on 2 May 1945.
Q. Now since you have been liberated from the concentration camp what have been your duties to date?
A. I had six weeks quarantine in Sweden. After that I came to the hospital at Goeteborg, where I worked first as an extra assistant - X-ray assistant, from July until the 31 December 1945; 1 January 1946 on until 1 July 1946 I worked as a doctor in a Swedish therapeutic hospital in Stockholm in the X-ray section with a Professor Diesholm. In July I went back to Cologne, and then to Cracow. Now I am employed as chief physician of the X-ray section of the Public Insurance Fund Hospital in Cracow.
Q. Witness, are you a member of any medical society or organization at the present time?
A. Yes. I belong to the Polish X-ray Physicians Society, and I am also a member of the International Federation of University Women.
Q. Now, witness, you say you entered the concentration camp at Ravensbruck in September 1941?
A. Yes.
Q. What duty or duties were assigned to you as a prisoner in the camp?
A. After four weeks quarantine, I was assigned to the hardest statistical work. I worked in the State Building; after that I was sent to the factories, first, to straw plating shop and afterwards to a manual camp where I had to work day and night in a shop in town. After a period of two weeks I was taken into a hospital as a charwoman. In July 1942 I was sent back to the hospital and I was working in the X-ray section. I stayed in the hospital one year, from 24. July 1942 until 21 July 1943, and on that day I was sent to Dachau Station as a suspect, and on that day having been sent to the bunker. I remained in the bunker for eight weeks in a dark cell, and I was subjected to extreme examinations while in custody. After eight weeks I was released from the bunker, and I was out in a penal column whore I worked as a week chopper for eight months. In fay 1944. I was sent away to Neu-Brandenburg, where I was to be employed as a factory worker. After one month of work in the factory I was sent back to the hospital in Neu-Brandenburg, because the doctor had become sick there. On 2 September 1944 I was arrested and put in a bunker in Neu-Brandenburg because the supervisor, Frieda, had found a letter in my possession, and I took the letter away from her, and destroyed it. I remained in this bunker for nineteen days, and I was to be hanged. After the nineteen days I was sent back to Ravensbruck, and because it was only a harmless letter which the German nurse Anna had admitted, I was only punished for my impudence with four days in Ravensbruck.
Q. Witness, you say you were working in the capacity as an X-ray technician for the hospital in the sick quarter of the concentration camp at Ravensbruck for a period of one year, that is, from July 1942 until July 1943, is that correct?
A. Yes, since July 1942 to July 1943.
Q. Now based on your extended time in the concentration camp at Ravensbruck and for the time you spent in the sick quarter in affiliation with other patients in there, do you have any knowledge of the medical experimental program which in as being conducted there?