I shall refer to the charts as I read the affidavits of the defendants, the first of which is that of Schroeder. This is Doc. NO-666 and is offered as Prosecution Exhibit 14.
"I, Dr. Oskar Schroeder, being duly sworn, depose and state:
1. I was born on 6 February 1891 at Hannover, Germany. I attended school in Hannover and, from 1910 until 1914, was a student at Kaiser Milhelm Academy of Military Medical Education. During the first World War (1914-1920) I was a medical officer with the troops. I remained in the Army until time end of the first World War as a medical officer with the rank of First Lieutenant.
2. From 1920 to 1925 I received specialized training as an Ear, Nose, and Throat doctor at Koenigsberg and Wuerzburg. From October 1925 until 31 December 1930 I was Chief Medical Officer of the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of the garrison hospital at Hannover. During this period I was also medical officer of a number of military units.
3. From 1 January 1931 until 31 August 1935 I was assigned to the Office of the Surgeon General of the Army as consultant on hospital matters and therapeutics with the rank of Major.
4. Until the end of 1935 my old friend and classmate, Brig. Gen. Hippke, asked me to become Chief of Staff in the newly formed Medical Department of the Reich Ministry of Aviation. I retained this position until 31 January 1940. In 1937 Hippke was made Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe. From 1 February 1940 until 31 December 1943 I was a Physician for Air Fleet II and hold the rank of Major General."
(The position of Hippke is shown on the first chart - about in the center of the chart. He was the predecessor of Schroeder and his title at that time was Inspector of the Medical Services of the Luftewaffe. This office was abbreviated L. In. 14 (Luftwaffe Inspectorate 14, which was Medical Services.)
The Tribunal will have the occasion to see the name of Hippke in L. In. 14. In that connection it should be remembered that the defendant Schroeder was until February 1940 Chief of Staff to Hippke and thereafter until December 31, 1943, he was Chief Physician to Air Fleet No. II. The latter position is shown on the first chart to the left. It is rather hard find, your Honor. Do you find it? It is to the left from the center in a number of boxes in which are shown positions of the Air Fleet in Germany, no Air Fleet No. II of which Schroeder was Chief Physician.)
During this whole period, Schroeder was the highest ranking officer in the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe, next to Hippke. I continue now reading Schroeder's affidavit. Paragraph 5:
"on 1 January 1944 I was appointed to succeed Hippke and became Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe. I was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General (Generaloberstabsarzt), and held this position until the end of the Second World War. /Signed/ Dr. Oskar Schroeder."
Schroeder's position as Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe is shown in the middle of the second chart which the Court has received.
I turn now to the Defendant Rose, and I read his affidavit, which is Document NO-673 and is offered as Prosecution Exhibit 15. It is on Page 27 of the English Document Book:
"I Dr. Gerhard August Heinrich Rose, being duly sworn, depose and state:
"1. I was born November 30, 1896 in Danzig. I studied medicine at Berlin and Breslau Universities and passed my state examination in October 1921.
"2. During the latter part of 1921 and the first part of 1922 I interned at the Hygiene Institute of Breslau University, the Medical Polyclinic, and the Pathological Institute of the Wentzerl-Hancke Hospital in Breslau. From may until August 1922 I was an assistant on the staff of the Institute for Contegious Diseases of the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin. From August 1922 until February 1923 I was assistant on the staff of the Hygienic Institute of Basle University. From March 1923 until September 1925 I was assistant on the staff of the Institute for Anatomy in Heidelberg. From October 1925 until February 1926 I was a member of the staff of the Purgical Clinic of Heidelber University. (From March 1926 until May 1929 I engageed in the private practice of medicine in Heidelberg.)
"3. In 1929 I went to China, and from August 1929 until September 1936 was Chief of the Institute for Public Health (Landesanstalt fuer Gesundheitswesen) in Chekiang, in Han chow, China. During this time I was also adviser in public health maters to the Ministry of the Interior of Chekiang. In 1930, while in China, I joined the NSDAP.
"4. In 1936 I returned to Germany and became professor and head of the Department for Tropical Medicine at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin. In 1942 I became Vice President of the Institute but retained my professorship and position as head of the Department for Tropical Medicine. Dr. Gildemeister was President of the Robert Koch Institute.
"5. On August 26, 1939 I joined the Luftwaffe with the rank of Oberarzt (1st Lieutenant) in the Medical Corps. I rose to the rank of Generalsrzt (General) in the Reserve. I was Consulting Medical Officer on Hygiene an Tropical Medical to the Chief of the Medical Services of the Luftwaffe (Chef der Sanitaetswesens des Luftwaffe.) I remained in this position until the end of the war. My superior was Dr. Hippke and after January 1, 1944, Dr. Schroeder.
"6. From 1944 until the end of the war I was medical consultant to Dr. Handloser, Chief of the Medical Service of the Armed Forces (Chef def Wehrmachtsanitaetswesens). I was also medical adviser to Dr. Conti in matters pertaining to tropical diseases. I was subordinate to him in my capacity of a member of the Robert Koch Institute, since he was the Chief of the Civilian Medical Service, being Under secretary of State. /Signed/ Dr. Gerhard Rose."
The position of Rose as consulting hygienist to the Luftwaffe is shown on the left side of both charts. He was and expert on tropical diseases, including, among others, malaria, yellow fever and typhus.
I might add parenthetically here that the Tribunal shall hear of Rose particularly here in connection with the typhus experiments by Dr. Haagen of the University of Strassbourg and by Dr. Ding at the Buchenwald Concentration Ca,p. Haagen is shown on both charts, and its may be a little difficult for you to find. I am afraid you might have considerable difficulty in finding it. There is a box, just to the left of the middle, down below which is entitled "University of Strassbourg, Professor Haagen". He was a consulting hygienist to the Air Fleet Reich. Dr. Haagen did a substantial part of his experimental work at the Natzweiler Concentration Camp, which was quite close to Strassbourg.
You will remember that the typhus Institute at Buchenwald was shown on the chart drawn Handloser. It will also be on the SS charts, to which we will come in a moment.
I turn now to the affidavit of defendant Becker-Freyseng, which is Document No. NO-669. After signing this document, Becker-Freyseng desired to make an amendment, and this is embodied in Document No. 790. I submit both of these documents as Prosecution Exhibit 16.
"I Dr. Hermann Becker-Freyseng, swear, depose and state:
"1. I was born on 18 July 1910 in Ludwigshafen/Rhein, Germany, I studied medicine at the Universities of Heidelberg, Innsbruck and Berlin and passed my state examination in 1935 in Berlin.
"2. Until 1938 I was assistant physician at the clinic for internal medicine at the Robert Koch Hospital in Berlin. From 1938 until 1945 I was scientific assistant at the Medical Research Institute for Aviation in Berlin.
"3. In 1933 I joined the NSDAP. In 1940 I was drafted into the Luftwaffe and in 1943 I was promoted to the rank of Stabsarzt. From July until December 1940 I was physician at the aviator examination post, Sooterborg/ Holland From December 1940 until February 1941 I attended the Military Academy in Gatow.
"4. From February 1941 until August 1941 I was assigned to the 1st platoon for low pressure chamber tests of the Luftwaffe, which was temporarily stationed in Romania. My task chiefly consisted in assisting the demonstration of instructional experiments, which included a test of the reaction of fighter crews at altitudes of 12,000 meters.
"5. From August 1941 until January 1944 I was attached to Dr. Anthony as assistant consultant (Hilfsreferent) in the department for Aviation Medicine in the Office of Inspektor of the Medicine Service of the Luftwaffe, Dr. Hippke. From January 1944, when Dr. Oskar Schroeder became chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe, until the end of the war I was consultant for Aviation Medicine in his (Schroeder) office.
"6. During the period from 1935 until 1938 I continued my work at the Medical Research Institute for Aviation in Berlin.
I carried out research work independently, on the adaptability of pilots in high altitudes, their reaction to the lack of oxygen, and oxygen poisoning.
"/Signed/ Dr. Hermann Becker-Freyseng."
The amendment to his affidavit, which is embodied in Document NO-790, is as follows:
"In paragraph 5 of my affidavit of 18 November 1946 the following correction has to be made.
"My title from August 1941 to about 15 May 1944 was Assistant Consultation (Hilfsreferent) under Dr. Anthony in the department (Referat) for Aviation Medicine in the Office of the Inspector of the Medical Service, later in the office of the Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe.
"Only from about 15 May 1944 to the end of the war I was Consultant (Referent) in the above mentioned office."
The change that he is making is that in his first affidavit he stated that he became the consultant for Aviation Medicine to Schroeder on January 1, 1944, while his amendment states that he, in fact, became the Chief Consultant only on 15 May 1944.
THE PRESIDENT: Are the amendment and the affidavit attached together?
MR. McHANEY: Attached to What?
THE PRESIDENT: Attached one to the other, the original affidavit and the amendment?
MR. McHANEY: Yes. They go in sequence as exhibits and carry the same exhibit number.
THE PRESIDENT: I understood that, but if they are not attached together, there might be some difficulty in having two Exhibit 16's. If they are attached together, one marked as Exhibit 16 is sufficient. If they are not attached together, one could be marked Exhibit 16 and the other 16 (2).
MR. McHANEY: I think that is the proper suggestion.
DR. MARX (Counsel for defendant Becker-Freyseng): In the chart which Counsel or the Prosecution has submitted it says, with reference to Dr. Becker - this can be found approximately in the center of this chart - it says he was the liaison man between Schroeder and I can hardly read the next part.... Then it says Dr. BeckerFreyseng, Liaison Man between Schroeder and Georgii. I should like to remark in that connection that Dr. Becker was only the consulting physician in the department ?o without any authority to sign and without any responsibility, so that the name Liaison man" is not justified in any way whatsoever. In addition, I should rectify other mistake: Dr. Becker was active in the Robert Koch Hospital and not in the Robert Koch Institute.
MR. MCHANEY: If the Tribunal please, I think that the remark about the power of the defendant Becker-Freyseng to sign orders is more a matter of argument than in objection to the chart which we have offered. I also think that if the defense counsel for Becker-Freyseng will consult with his client that he will find that the position put on this chart showing a relationship of liaison man from Schroeder to another department headed by a man named Georgii was entirely separate and distinct from his position as assistant consultant to Dr. Anthony in the Department for aviation medicine. He later became, of course, the Chief of the Department for aviation Medicine which he states was on 15 May 1944. As to his power to sign orders and things of that nature we will come to that in due course.
THE PRESIDENT: The exhibit may be admitted. Explanations may be made later as the powers of the defendant.
MR. MCHANEY: Thus, Becker-Freyseng was an important figure in the field of aviation medicine. As I understand it, aviation medicine includes all medical problems incident to the operation of aircraft -- for example, the effect of high altitude on the human body and questions of velocity and night-vision. Problems of cold and sea rescue also fell within his work. The field of hygiene, on the other hand, *overs general medical problems, such as sanitation and infectious diseases. The defendant Rose was a consultant on hygiene, the defendant Becker-Freyseng a consultant on aviation medicine.
Becker-Freyseng appears on both the charts. On the one showing the organization as it existed up until December, 1943, he is shown under Anthony in the referat or department for aviation medicine. On the right, he is shown as chief of the department for aviation medicine. That is to say, on the later chart. He also appears as liaison between Schroeder and the Office of Research Guidance in the Ministry of aviation under Georgii. That is the box which the defense counsel for BeckerFreyseng called to the Court's attention. To put it succinctly, Becker-Freyseng was the chief adviser to Schroeder on questions of medical research.
While Becker-Freyseng was primarily interested in aviation medicine, it is also true that many, if not all, medical research assignments by the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe were made through his office. Thus, we shall see that the research work of Haagen on typhus was assigned by the Department for Aviation Medicine.
We turn now to the defendant Weltz and his affidavit is Document NO-677, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 17.:
"I, Dr. Georg August Weltz, being duly sworn, depose and state:
"1. I was born 16 March 1889, at Ludwigshafen on Rhine. I studied medicine at the Universities of Jena, Kiel, Koenigsberg, and Munich and passed my state examination in 1913.
"2. During the First World War, I served in the Medical Office. My highest rank was that of Assistant physician, that is to say, Assistenzarzt. During the early part of World War I, I was for a whole period pilot with a field aviation division. During 1919 and 1920, I was an assistant physician at the Medical and surgical Clinic in Munich. From 1921 until 1936, I practiced in Munich, specializing **n roentgenology.
"3. From 1936 until 1945, I lectured on Aviation Medicine at the University of Munich. At the same time, I, in connection with Professor Broemser, did research work in the field of x-ray methods and aviation medicine, at the physiological Institute of the University of Munich.
"4. I joined tho N.S.D.A.P., in 1937. I was also a member of the National Socialist Physician's Association and National Socialist Lecturers' Association and NSFK. In August 1939, I was called into the Luftwaffe. In the course of the war, I rose to the rank of Oberfeldarzt, equivalent rank of Lieutenant Colonel.
During this time I also operated a Pilots' Physical Examination Office in Neubiberg and worked at the permanent Examination Board No. 4 in Munich, where I was concerned mainly with the physical endurance and reactions of pilots at high altitudes.
"5. In 1941 my division of the Physiological Institute at Munich University, where I was doing research work, was taken over by the Luftwaffe and renamed the Institute for Aviation Medicine. I was made Chief of this Institute and remained in that position until the end of the war. The field of research engaged in at the Institute included physical reactions of the pilot at high altitudes, reciprocity of respirations and circulation, cooling, collapse, and revival of the pilot. In 1944 I was appointed Non-established Professor at the University of Munich. (Signed) DR. GEORG AUGUST WELTZ."
The Institute for Aviation Medicine at Munich under Weltz is shown on both of our charts. On the earlier chart, that is, showing the organization prior to 1944, the Tribunal will find the name of Dr. Rascher in a box beneath Weltz. Rascher was Captain in the Luftwaffe and an important figure in most of the medical experiment performed at the Dachau Concentration Camp, which was approximately 12 miles from Munich. During part of these experiments, the Prosecution contends that Rascher was Luftwaffe doctor attached to the institute of Weltz. That fact does not appear on this chart and we do not contend that it does. Two of Rascher's co-workers in the freezing experiments were Holzloehner and Finke, both Luftwaffe doctors. These names also appear on the chart showing the earlier period. Holzloehner committed suicide before his capture and the where abouts of Finke is unknown.
We turn now to the defendant Ruff. His affidavit is Document NO-638 and will be Prosecution Exhibit 18.
"1. I was born on 19 February 1907 at Friedersheim on Niederrhein, Germany. I graduated from high school in Berlin in 1926, and commenced the study of medicine, I studied at the Universities of Berlin and Bonn and passed my state examination in Bonn at the beginning of 1932. From 1932 until January 1934, I was an interne and assistant at the clinics of Bonn University.
"2. In January 1934, I was assigned to the German experimental institute for aviation, in order to establish a department for Aviation Medicine. I became chief of this department, which was later renamed the Institute for Aviation Medicine. I remained in this position until the end of the war. My chief assistant was Dr. Hans Wolfgang ROMBERG, who, towards the end of the war, attained the position of a department head at the institute. I was a reserve officer in the Luftwaffe with the rank of First Lieutenant."
Since the defendant ROMBERG was an assistant to RUFF, I shall read his affidavit before indicating their positions on the charts. This, his affidavit, is document NO-588, and will be Prosecution Exhibit 19.
"I, Dr. Hans Wolfgang Arthur Bernhard ROMBERG, being duly sworn, depose and state:
"1. I was born on May 15, 1911 in Berlin, From 1929 until 1935, I studied medicine at the Universities of Berlin and Innsbruck. I passed my state examination in 1935.
"2. I joined the NSDAP in May 1933. From April 1936 until 1938, I interned and was assistant physician at the Krankenhaus of Friedrichshain, a Berlin hospital. During 1937, I served in the German air force for two months.
"3. On 1 January 1938, I joined the staff of the German Experimental Institute for Aviation in Berlin, as an associate scientist. I remained in this position until the end of the war. My superior was always Dr. Siegfried RUFF. In this position I was concerned, among other things, with problems of altitude and velocity." The German Experimental Institute for Aviation, in which the defendants, RUFF and ROMBERG, were active, are shown on both of our charts as being subordinated as far as aviation medical research is concerned to, first, HIPPKE, and thereafter to SCHROEDER. The names of both RUFF and ROMBERG appear in the box immediately beside this Department for Aviation Medicine. These two gentlemen who are arrayed with RASCHER in carrying out the high altitude experiments at Dachau in the spring and summer of 1942.
Their co-operation was secured, as we shall demonstrate, through the good offices of the defendant WELTZ. Lastly, we come to the two Luftwaffe defendants, who are in the dock primarily because of the part they played in the experiments to make seawater drinkable. BEIGLEBROECK's affidavit is document NO-674, which becomes Prosecution Exhibit 20. It reads as follows:
"I, Dr. Wilhelm Franz Joseph BEIGLEROECK, being duly sworn, depose and state:
"1. I was born October 10, 1905, at Hoehneukircheni, Lower Austria. I studied medicine at the University of Vienna and passed my state examination in 1931.
"2. I joined the NSDAP in 1933, but received my party number after the annexation of Austria. I joined the SA in 1934. My last rank in the SA was that of Obersturmbannfuehrer of the Medical Service. I was also a member of the association of Nazi physicians and the association of Nazi academic lecturers.
"3. From 1931 to 1933, I was an assistant physician on the staff of the Third Medical Clinic in Vienna. From 1931 until the end of the war, I was associated with the First Hospital in Vienna, in 1939 becoming chief physician. In 1939, I qualified as an academic lecturer and, in 1944, qualified as extraordinary professor.
"4. In May, 1941, I joined the German air force, where I rose to the rank of Captain in the Medical Services. From August 1941, until December 1941, I was stationed in the air force hospital in Wels, Upper Austria. From December 1941 until May 1942, I was stationed at the air force hospital at Vienna, where I worked in the department for the treatment of internal disease.
"5. From May 1942 until July 1942, I attended the war school in Eger, and in July 1942 until November 1943. I was assigned to the motorized medical detachment where I was in charge of the Department for Internal Disease. From November 1943 until 1944, I was stationed at the air force hospital at Braunschweig, where I was Deputy Department Head of the Department for Internal Diseases.
From early 1944 until the end of the war, except for approximately a six-week period, I was stationed at the hospital for paratroopers at Tarvis, Northern Italy, where I was chief physician for the Department of Internal Diseases.
"6. From approximately 1 July 1944, while stationed at Tarvis, Italy, I was ordered by Dr. BECKER-FREYSENG to report to Dachau. I remained at Dachau for a period of approximately eight weeks, where I assisted in the experiments pertaining to the SCHAEFER and BERKA methods of rendering seawater potable."
BEIGLBROECK's position is not shown on either of the two charts. He was recalled from service in Italy to conduct the seawater experiments, having been recommended by one Dr. Hans Eppinger, who was a consultant to the Luftwaffe. Eppinger recently took his life in Vienna.
Document NO-688, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 21, is the affidavit of SCHAEFER.
"I, Dr. Konrad Wilhelm Philipp SCHAEFER, being duly sworn, depose and state:
"1. was born on January 7, 1911, at Muelhausen, Alsatia, Germany. I studied medicine at the Universities of Munich, Berlin, Innsbruck and Heidelberg. I passed my state examination in Heidelberg in December 1935.
"2. In the beginning of 1936, I worked as a medical internee at the Heidelberg University Chemo Therapeutic Clinic in Berlin. A little later, in 1936, I became affiliated with the firm of SCHERING, A. G. in Berlin, as an assistant to Dr. Feldt in the therapeutic laboratory. I worked part time in SCHERING, A. G. In 1938 I had to leave the clinic because I was not a member of the NSDAP. I remained with SCHERING until November 1941.
"3. In November 1941, I was drafted into the Luftwaffe and received my basic medical training in Baden, near Vienna, Austria. In March 1942, I was transferred to the Luftwaffe replacement depot in Saylo, and from there to the Luftwaffe base at Frankfort on the Oder.
"4. In the summer of 1942, I was transferred to Berlin, and assigned to the staff of the Research Institute for Aviation Medicine. Simultaneously, I received my position in the Research Department of the Chemotherapeutic Laboratory of SCHERING, A. G. My chief assignment at the institute was to do research work on tho problems of sea emergency for the Luftwaffe. This included research on various methods to render seawater potable. I remained in these positions until the end of the war."
The position of SCHAEFER and the Research Institute for Aviation Medicine appear on both of the charts.
DR. PELCKMANN: I have an objection to the admissibility of both the charts, with reference to the defendant SCHAEFER.
The charts are to give you an optical impression with reference to the organizations as they are explained in the affidavit, and in particular, with reference to the position of the defend ant in that organization. The chart does not give you the correct optical impression which should be seen when reading the affidavit made by SCHAEFER. SCHAEFER was one of the collaborators in the staff of the Aviation Institute for Medicine. If the Tribunal would like to look at tho chart, it will see that under the name of this institute, and its leader Professor STRUCHOLD, there is a small box on which it says, "Dr. SCHAEFER." Beneath that, there are other boxes, which are subordinated to Dr. SCHAEFER and Dr. STRUGHOLD. This box, Dr. SCHAEFER, therefore, gives you a wrong impression which is neither in compliance with the testimony of SCHAEFER which has just been read, nor with the statement of Professor SCHROEDER, which was read before that. SCHAEFER was merely a collaborator and he was assigned to his duties as such and was only one of 30 to 40 collaborators in this institute. However, when looking at the chart, and that is my objection as to its admissibility, it appears as if he were the second man after STRUGHOLD.
MR. McHANEY: Your Honor will appreciate the fact that it is impossible on a piece of paper the size of the charts that we have submitted to show each and every individual who was a number of these various institutes which were subordinate to the medical service of the Luftwaffe. It happens that we were interested in SCHAEFER. We are not interested in the other 38 students at this institute. Also, I would like to point out that we do not take the position at all that SCHAEFER was second in command after STRUGHOLD, and I am not aware that the Persecution has said anything to lead the counsel for this defendant to take that position. In any event, I do not think that his remarks go to an objection against the admissibility of this document, conceding that the document is wrong, he may point out these facts to the Court at the time he presents his case.
The document was drawn for use by the defendant SCHROEDER, and purposts to be an accurate chart of the organization of the medical services of the Luftwaffe.
THE PRESIDENT: Objection of counsel overruled, till we understand what the charts were made for, and subject to explanation as the evidence progresses. The Court will now take its noon recess.
(A recess was taken until 1330 hours)
AFTERNOON SESSION (THE HEARING RE-CONVENED AT 1330 hours, 9 DECEMBER 1946)
THE MARSHAL: Persons in the court room may find seats. Kindly all arise while the judges come in.
(The judges enter)
THE MARSHAL: The Military Tribunal is again in session.
MR. MCHANEY: We have completed our presentation as to the defendants that were active within the frame-work of the Luftwaffe. And, next, we can consider the positions held by the defendants in the block within the framework of the SS, an organization which was found to be criminal by The International Military Tribunal.
The defendants Karl Brandt, Genzken, Gebhardt, Rudolf Brandt, ********* Helmut Poppendick, Viktor Brack, Hoven and Fritz Fischer, were all member of the SS after 1 September 1939, and are so charged in Count 4 of the Indictment.
We have already become familiar with the position of Karl Brandt. Before turning to the careers of the other SS defendants, I think it would be helpful for the Tribunal to present in evidence the charts showing the medical organization of the SS.
The next document is NO-416, which will be Prosecution Exhibit No. 22, and it carries the organization of the SS prior to 31 August 1943.
The second chart is Document NO-417, which will be Prosecution Exhibit No. 23, and it covers the medical organization of the SS after the 31st of August 1943.
Both of these charts were signed by the defendant Mrugowsky. We had again hoped to have these charts reproduced in larger scale for use in the Courtroom, but that has proved impossible.
Of course, the whole of the SS, including the Medical Department was under the Command of Reichsfuehrer of the SS, Heinrich Himmler. The relation of Karl Brandt and Handloser to the Medical Service of the SS, by virtue of their positions as Reichminister of the Health and Sanitation and Chief of the Medical Services of the Wehrmacht are shown in these charts. The broken lines indicate direct control, while the other one concerns itself with front line troops.
You will find within the broken lines the dots and dashes running from that of Handloser to that of Genzken. We shall refer to the charts in more detail as are consider the affidavits of the SS defendants. The first of these is the affidavit of Genzken. Document No. 439, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 24:
(Reading) "I, Dr. Karl Eduard August GENZKEN, being duly sworn, depose, and state:
1. I was born on 8 June 1883 at Freetz (Holstein) near Kiel. In 1906 I graduated from the Gymnasium in Wandsbeck, and in 1908 passed my "physicum" at the University of Harburg. From 1911 to August 1922, I interned at the Plaunen Hospital.
2. In august 1912, I entered the German Navy as a Naval Physician with the rank of Unterarzt and from august 1912 until November 1919 I was on active duty with the German Navy. I served as Medical Officer on various U boats and on the Cruiser "Hamburg" during the first World War. During the years of 1915 to 1917, I worked on the organization of the U Boat Medical Service. During the years 1918 and 1919, I served in the shipyard hospital in Wilhelmshaven.
3. From November 1918 until October 1934, I practiced medicine in my home town of Preetz, and in October 1934 entered the German Navy for the second time. I become Reserve Officer in the Medical Department of the Defense Ministry. Beginning in February 1934, I served as an investigating doctor of the Sick Benefit System of Gross-Berlin.
4. In July 1926, I joined the NSDAP, my party membership number being 39,913. In 1932, I entered the Association of National Socialist Doctors.
5. On March 1, 1936, I entered the Waffen-SS as Sturmbannfuehrer. My number was 207954. I was assigned to the Medical Office of the SS-Special Service Troops as adviser on health cures and depentant's care. I also served as a field doctor in the Signal Detachment of the SS "Ieibstandarte". I was subsequently appointed chief physician of the newly established "SS Hospital" Berlin.
I also directed the Sanitats-Schule (Training School for soldiers of the Medical Corps) attached to the "SS Hospital".
"In the Spring of 1937, along with the general expansion of the SS, the SS-Medical Office was enlarged and split into two departments. My department was charged with the supply of medical equipment and the supervision of medical personnel in the concentration camps. Dr. Grawitz, then SS Oberfuehrer and Chief of the SS Medical Office was my immediate superior. In this capacity, I was also the Medical Officer of Eicke, the commander of all concentration camps. I acted in this capacity until the beginning of the war. With the outbreak of war in September 1939, I was replaced, by Dr. Dermitzel."
In September 1939, I was charged with the activation of the 3rd Medical Battalion of the 3rd Panzer Grenadier Division in Heilbroon, Auensingen and Korbach. In May 1940, I was appointed Chief of the Medical Office of the Waffen-SS Office VII, in the SS Operational Headquarters at Berlin and was promoted to the rank of SS-Oberfuehrer. At the end of 1942, I was appointed Chief of the Medical Service of the Waffen-SS, Division D in the SS Operational Headquarters with the rank of Brigadefuehrer."
The position held by Genzken from May 1940 until 31 August 1943 is shown on the Chart which gives the Organization of the SS Medical Service until August 1943. You will see the block containing his name as Division D Medical Service of the Waffen-SS. That office was attached to the so-called Hauptsamp or the Operational Main Office of the SS under Juttner. All of the blocks under Himmler such as the one with Juttner's name in it, represent the SS Main Offices and there were 12 in number. The subordination of the various medical offices that are listed under one or the other of these main offices are, of course, not all of the departments in these SS main offices. We show on this chart simply the medical offices.
As stated by Genzken in paragraph 6, he left his job as medical officer for the concentration camp in 1939. Now, the chart which is now before the court shows this position as being held by Dr. Lolling under Pohl in the Economic and Administrative Main Office of the SS.
By early 1942 the WVHA, (which are the German initials for the SS Main Office and Administrative Office) had complete administrative control over all concentration camps.
This SS Main Office under Pohl, the WVHA, was one of the principal points around which the common design or conspiracy charge in the Indictment operated, for it was there that the human experimental subjects were obtained.
I continue to read from the Genzken Affidavit, Paragraph 8:
"8. On September 1, 1943, the Medical Service of the Waffen-SS was reorganized. I had been promoted to the rank of Gruppenfuhrer on 30 January 1943. During my service as head of the Waffen-SS Medical Service, my immediate medical superior was Dr. Grawitz, Reich Physician SS and Police, and when Grawitz was away from Berlin, I was in many events his deputy in the Medical Service of the SS.
"9. Throughout the war, medical field units of the Waffen SS were subordinated to the Medical Service of the Army, which was supervised by Dr. Handloser. By Fuhrer Decree of July 28, 1942, Dr. Handloser was appointed Chief of the Medical Service of the Wehrmacht. As a result of this reorganization, Handloser also became my immediate superior as far as medical matters a re concerned.
"10. From tho fall of 1940 until September 1, 1943, Dr. Mrugowsky, who was head of the Hygiene Office in the Waffen-SS Medical Office, was subordinate to me. After September 1, 1943, Dr. Mrugowsky was placed directly under Dr. Grawitz and was subordinate to him. (signed) Karl Genzken."
An item to note here is the shift in direct command over the Defendant Mrugowsky and derivatively through Mrugowsky over the Typhus and Virus Institute at the Buchenwald Concentration Camp. Prior to 31 August 1943, Genzken was in command of Mrugowsky; thereafter Grawitz, who no longer is living, was in command of Mrugowsky. The Tribunal should not assume that Genzken, as a result of this reorganization, was no longer interested in the Hygiene Institute and research at Luchenwald. As Chief of the Medical Services of the Waffen-SS his interest in medical research remained tho same. So, with the Defendant Handloser, both of these men were vitally concerned with typhus research as a result of epidemics among troops fighting in the East against Russia.