That is the third experiment charged in the Indictment and Document Number NO 201, Prosecution Exhibit 290, is our proof in support of that charge in the Indictment. This is a letter from the Defendant Mrugowsky directed to the Criminological Institute to the attention of Dr. Widmann. It is dated 12 September 1944 and you will recall that that corroborates in every detail the testimony of the witness Kogon since the poison experiments about which he knew in Buchenwald occurred in October 1944. This letter reads:
"Subject: Experiments with Aconitin nitrate projectiles.
"To the Criminological Institute "Berlin "In the presence of SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Dr. Ding, Dr. Widmann and the undersigned, experiments with Aconitin nitrate projectiles were conducted on 11 September 1944 on 5 persons who had been condemned to death.
The projectiles in question were of a 7.65 millimeter caliber filled with crystallized poison. The experimental subjects, in a lying position, were each shot in the upper part of the left thigh. The thighs of two of them were cleanly shot through. Even afterwards, no effect of the poison was to be observed. These two experimental subjects were therefore exempted.
"The entrance of the projectile did not show any peculiarities. Evidently, the arteria femolaris of one of the subjects was injured. A light stream of blood issued from the wound. But the bleeding stopped after a short time. The loss of blood was estimated as having been at the most 3/4 of a liter, and consequently was on no account fatal.
"The symptoms of the condemned three showed a surprising similarity. At first no peculiarities appeared. After 20 to 25 minutes a motor agitation and a slight ptyalism set in, but stopped again. After 40 to 45 minutes a stronger salivation set in. The poisoned persons swallowed repeatedly, but later the flow of saliva became so strong that it could not even be overcome by swallowing. Foamy saliva flowed from their mouths. Then choking and vomiting set in. After 56 minutes the pulse of two of them could no longer be felt. The third had a pulse rate of 76.
After 65 minutes his blood pressure was 90 over 60. The sounds were extremely low. A reduction of blood pressure was evident.
"During the first hour of the experiment the pupils did not show any changes. After 78 minutes the pupils of all three showed a medium dilation together with a retarded light reaction. Simultaneously, maximim respiration with heavy breathing inhalations set in. This subsided after a few minutes. The pupils contracted again and their reaction improved. After 65 minutes the patellar and achilles tendon reflexes of the poisoned subjects were negative. The upper abdominal reflexes of the third were still positive, while the lower were negative. After approximately 90 minutes, one of the subjects again started breathing heavily; this was accompanied by an increasing motor unrest. Then the heavy breathing changed into a flat, accelerated respiration, accompanied by extreme nausea, One of the poisoned persons tried in vain to vomit. To do so he introduced four fingers of his hand up to the knuckles into his throat, but never-the-less could not vomit. His face was flushed.
"The other two experimental subjects had already early shown a pale face. The other symptoms were the same. The motor unrest increased so much that the persons flung themselves up, then down, rolled their eyes and made meaningless motions with their hands and arms. Finally the agitation subsided, the pupils dilated to the maximum, and the condemned lay motionless. Masseter spasms and urination were observed in one case. Death occurred 121, 123 and 129 minutes after entry of the projectile.
"Summary: The projectiles filled with approximately 38 milligrams of Aconitin nitrate in solid form had, in spite of only insignificant injuries, a deadly effect after two hours. Poisoning showed 20 to 25 minutes after injury. The main reactions were: salivation, alteration of the pupils, negative tendon reflexes, motor unrest and extreme nausea."
(Signed) "MRUGOWSKY SS-Lecturer Oberfuehrer and Office Chief" On the two attachments to the letter are pictures of the projectile which was shot into the 5 victims.
That constitutes the proof of the Prosecution on the crimes charged in Paragraph 6(K) and correspondingly in Paragraph 11 of the Indictment.
JUDGE SEBRING: Mr. McHaney, what defendants do you consider to be proven to have been implicated by the proof which you have adduced?
MR. McHANEY: If the Tribunal please, of course the Defendant Mrugowsky is, according to our judgment, implicated at a minimum in the second poison experiment and the poison bullet experiment. Those two, according to the testimony of Kogon, are related experiments. The instance of the poisoning of the 4 Russian prisoners of war to test the effect of certain drugs used by the Defendant Hoven in doing away with a witness for the SS Court against Koch was carried out also by Ding who was the subordinate of Mrugowsky. We have, in turn, charged Genzen, Gebhardt, and Poppendick. Of those, Gebhardt and Poppendick were members of the same office in which the Defendant Mrugowsky was active, that is to say, the office of the Reichs Physician, Grawitz. Genzken, it is true, was in the medical department of the Waffen-SS which was subordinate to the so-called SS Sturmhauptamt and not to the deceased Grawitz.
Accordingly it may be that the Prosecution will recede from its position with respect to Genzken. However, I do not, at this time, wish to go on the record in that regard. We have presented, I think, all of our evidence with respect to the crimes charged in Paragraph 6(K) and I take it that it is a matter of argument as to whom that evidence runs against. Quite clearly it runs against Mrugowsky very directly and personally. I think, also, that it implicates Gebhardt and Poppendick if somewhat less directly because of the positions they held and also there will be additional proof with respect to Gebhardt. As to his key position, as to medical experimentation on concentration camp inmates of whatever kind, I take it that if the Prosecution proves that Gebhardt was in effort a clearing house through which medical experimentation upon concentration camp inmates had to be cleared, that then we have pretty directly implicated him in the whole scope of the program and in that connection I would like to remind the Tribunal of one of the documents which went in under the Mustard Gas Experiments, one of the letters in 1944 where I think 6 persons were being requested for experimentation with a certain type of gas, and that letter included the comments and approval in part, as I remember of Nebe of the Criminal Police, and Gebhardt, and, I think Gluecks was the other one -- Gluecks of the WVHA. At that time I suggested to the Tribunal that the wording of the letter very clearly indicated that the Defendant Gebhardt was in such a position with in the SS that he was called upon to give his approval to the use of concentration camp inmates for medical experimental purposes. So, if the Tribunal will permit, I would particularly like to reserve our arguments with respect to the Defendant Gonzken on this paragraph of the indictment until we have had the time to study quite carefully the full ramification of the proof. It may be that we will not press that particular I would like now to read into the record the rest of the Ding diary, which is Prosecution Exhibit 287.
At the risk of repeating just a little, I am going to start on page 46, with the entry of 13 and 14 April 1943. I am quite sure that we have read that part into the record, because it deals with Akridin Granulat and Rutenol, two of the drugs which were used therapeutically in treating typhus. The Tribunal will recall that the paper, written by Ding and which bears the rubber stamp of Poppendick with his stamp of approval for publication, deals with this same subject and these same experiments. I am quite sure that was read into the record, consequently, I am starting with 27 April 1943 to 1 May 1943; text on page 36 of the English Document Book:
"27 April 43 1 May 43 "Unit of SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Dr. Ding ordered to Paris to procure laboratory material for the 'Department for Spotted Fever and Virus Research' and the Hygiene Institute."
"16 June 43 "Typhus-Therapeutic Experiment 'Otraomin' "On suggestion of the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin (Prof Dr. LOCKEMANN) the effect of a new 'Therapeutikum' of the Rhoda series - Otrhomin should be tested on humans.
For this purpose, 20 persons of the series "Otrhomin' and 20 persons for control (10 immunized, 10 not immunized) were infected on 10 June 43 respectively on 18 June 43 with 2 cm. each of typhus bacteria swelling in a physical salt solution, given in potato salad. Of the 40 persons, 7 get sick slightly, 23 medium. Furthermore, there were 6 ambulatory cases. 4 persons did not show any symptoms."
"28 July 43:
"Charts of case history completed of the series 'Otrhomin' and sent to Berlin."
"5 August 43:
"Charts and case history completed of the control series and sent to Berlin."
"10 August 43:
"Delivery of the records to ROMR (Reich Higher Medical Counseller) CHRISTIANSEN in the RMI (Reich Ministry of the Interior). The experimental series was concluded.
"1. death (control-not-immunized)."
"Spotted Fever vaccine experimental series V11.
"28 May 43:
18 June 43 "Carrying of spotted fever vaccination for immunization with the following vaccine:
1) 20 persons with vaccine "Asid"
2) 20 persons with vaccine 'Acid Adsorbat" of the Anhaltinischen Serumwerke B.m.b.H., Berlin NW 7 30 20 persons with vaccine "Weigl" of the institute for spotted fever and virus research of the supreme command, army (OKH) Crokow, (Eyer)."27 Aug 43:
"Infection of 20 persons of the series "Asid 20 persons of the series "Asid Adsorbat" 20 persons of the series 'Weigl' 10 persons for control by intravenous injection of 1/4 ccm oach.
Whole blood of a spotted fever sick.
All experimental persons yet very serious spotted fever."
"7 Sept 43:
"Chart and case history completed. The experimental series was concluded.
"53 deaths (18 with 'Asid') (18 with 'Asid Adsorbat') (9 with 'Weigl') (8 control)" "9 Sept 43:
"Charts and case histories delivered to Berlin.
"8 Nov 43 17 Jan 44:
High test immunization experiment with Fraenkel Vaccines.
"According to an immunization plan of the Fraenkel high test immunization for humans, the compatibility of FraenkelFormol-Toxoid on humans was tested.
"At first 15 experimental persons were vaccinated in periods of 14 days three times with i com Fraenkel-Al,F.T. (Fraenkel Formol-Toxoid absorbed in aluminum hydroxide).
"After a pause of 14 days the vaccinations with FraenkelFormol-Toxoid as follows and they list the days on which additional vaccinations of typhus were given. I am sorry, that is the vaccine with Fraenkel-Formol-Toxoid. They give the amount of injections and the dates they were given.
"17 Jan 44:
"Observation of vaccination reactions completed and sent away."
From 19 November, 1943 to 23 November, 1943, we have the entry on the Phospherus Kautschuk Incendiary Bomb Experiment. That, if the Tribunal please, is charged in Paragraph 6 of the Indictment and is charged against the same defendants as the poison experiment defendants, that is Genzken, Genhard and Poppendick. The witness Hegen testified about these Experiments and we also introduced a report on those experiments.That is Prosecution Exhibit 288. That is the report which contains the picture shots upon the rabbits once the burns were made of phospherus kautschuk from the incendiary bomb and also on the forearms of human beings.
The testimony of Hegen and the entries in the Ding diary constitute the proof of the Prosecution on the charge in count six of the Indictment and consequently fulfill count 11 of the Indictment.
This entry of the diary reads as follows:
"19 Nov. 43 23 Nov.
43:
"Phosphorus Kautschuk Incendiary Bomb Experiment" "To test the preparation "R 17" on new phosphorus burns and to test 'Ecinacin' ointment and 'Ethinacin extern' for the later treatment of wounds from phospherus burns, all from the Dr. Madaus Works in Radebeul Dresden, burning tests were carried out on five experimental persons on the above mentioned dated with phosphorus matter, which was taken from an English incendiary, found near Leipzig."
"5 Jan. 44":
"Protocol delivered to the Reich medical officer of the SS with the request to forward it to the Dr. Madaus Works."
The Tribunal will recall that the witness Hogon testified that report was sent to the defendant Poppendick.
The next entry is 30-31 December 1943 and is included in the Koch/Hoven case and I will omit reading that again.
"21 Dec 43 16 Jan 44:
"Control of blood plasma.
"By order of the military academy of medicine, Berlin, 18 capsules of blood plasma were tested on 18 experimental persons for their compatibility on humans."
"29 Jan 44 19 Feb 44:
"Control of blood plasma.
"By order of the military academy of medicine, Berlin, 30 more capsules of blood plasma were tested on 30 experimental persons for their compatibility on humans."
"22 Feb 44:
"Test papers sent to Reich medical officer of SS by courier. Vaccine preliminary experimental series Weimar."
"22 Jan 44 31 Jan 44:
"To test compatibility and the immunization effect, 5 persons were immunized by three vaccinations with spotted fever vaccine "Weimar" (Producer: Hygienic Institute of the Waffen SS, department for spotted fever and virus research) On 22 Jan 44 0.5 cc On 27 Jan 44 1.0 cc On 31 Jan 44 1.0 cc were injected.
"Subcutaneous in the left and the right upper arm respectively."
"25 Feb 44:
"20 persons (15 immunized and 5 for control) were infected by subcutaneous injection of 1/20 cc spotted fever sick fresh blood.
"Donor: G... Nr. 713, 36 years old (6th day of sickness) Stamm Bu IV/ Passage 13 "All those infected fell sick with slight to serious spotted fever" "5 Apr 44:
"Court and case history completed."
"25 April 44:
"The experimental series was concluded:
5 deaths (1 Asid) (1 Weimar) (3 control)
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal will now recess.
******** AFTERNOON SESSION (The hearing reconvened at 1520 hours, 8 January 1947) THE DEPUTY MARSHAL:
All persons in the court-room will please find their seats. You will all rise.
(The judges of the Tribunal enter)
THE DEPUTY MARSHAL: MILITARY TRIBUNAL NO. 1 is again in session.
MR. McHANEY: I continue with the presentation of the DING diary, and we are now up to the entry of 8 March 44 to 18 March 44, appearing on page 49 of the English Document Book:
Spotted fever vaccine experimental series VIII (eight) Suggested by Colonial Medical Corps of the air-corps, Prof ROSE (Oberst Arzt)
MR. McHANEY: But here, if I may say, parenthetically, is the entry in the DING diary concerning the series of experiments suggested by the Defendant Rose. This was also dealt with at some length by the witness KOGAN. And we see, as a result of this situation on the part of the defendant Rose, that the experiments were actually carried out, and resulted in the death of six (6) human beings. And, I should also like to add, that at this time, the Defendant Rose was subordinated to the Defendant Schroeder, who, by this time, was Chief of the Medical Luft-waffe, since he had replaced Hippke on the 1st of January 1944, and accordingly, he also is responsible for this series of experiments.
"26 May44- Withdrawal of blood to produce spotted fever convalescent 16 June 44 serum.
MR. McHANEY: Which is abbreviated by the letters "F.F.R.S."
To produce FFRS, 6500 cc blood were taken from 15 spotted convalescents between the 14th and 21st day after the fever had subsided, and sent by courier to the SS main headquarters (SS Fuhrungshauptamt), departmental group (Amtskruppe) D, department (Amt) X VI (blood conservation) Attention SS-Hauptsturmfuehrer (Capt) Dr. ELLENBECK - Berlin, Lichterfelde.
And, I would remind the TRIBUNAL that the defendant GENZKEN was at this date, and throughout the whole course of these experiments, Chief of "(Amtsgruppe) D", and, consequently, these experiments were carried out under his jurisdiction.
The TRIBUNAL will recall that the witness KOGAN testified that some of these convalescents died, and that in his judgment, it could not be determined whether the deaths resulted from the TYPHUS experiments to which they were subjected or to the withdrawl of blood which produced this serum:
22 May 44 16 Jun 44 By order of the military academy for medicine, Berlin, 44 capsules of blood plasma were tested on 44 experimental persons for their compatibility on humans.
19 Jun 44:
"Test protocol sent to the highest hygienist" That "highest hygienist", of course, if defendant GENZKEN and the "Blutserum-Konserven)" the Medical Academy of Berlin, which of course was the organization under the direction of the Defendant HANDLOSER. And here again, on these blood plasma experiments, the witness KOGAN testified that the persons died as a result of the shock, when this whole blood plasma was administered to them. "19 June 44:
"Test protocol sent to the highest authority of the Reich medical officer of the SS and police, Berlin.
Ding Spotted fever vaccine experimental series IX 17 July 44 27 Jul 44:
The spotted fever vaccine "Weimar"m produced by the department for spotted fever and virus research of the hygiene institute of the Waffen SS, Weimar, Buchenwald, was tested according to orders for its compatibility on humans.
This vaccine was produced from rabbit lungs according to the process Durand-Giroud. It contains virus (Rickettsia Browazeki) of self-isolating types deadened and bloated with 2/00 formol.
20 persons were immunized on the following dated with 1 cc each 17 July 1944 22 July 1944 27 July 1944 The vaccinations were made subcutaneous on the right respectively the left upper arm.
For comparison 20 persons were immunized at the same time with vaccine "Weigl", produced from lice by the army supreme command (OKH) in Crakow according to regulations.
Furthermore, 20 persons were considered for control.
6 Sept 44:
The 60 experimental persons were infected by subcutaneous injection of 1/10 cc spotted fever sick fresh blood each into the right upper arm.
All persons fell sick as follows:
a) "Weimar" 9 slightly 7 Slightly medium 4 medium
b) "Weigl" 6 slightly to medium 8 medium 6 seriously
c) Control 1 medium 19 Seriously 17 Oct 44:
The experimental series was concluded.
4 Nov 44:
Chart and case history completed 24 deaths (5 Weighl) (19 Control) MR. McHENEY: The translation notes the signature of "Dr. Kluber". That; of course, should be "Schueler"!"Withdrawal of blood to produce Spotted fever convalescent scrum (FFRS) 13 Oct 44:
31 Oct 44:
To produce FFRS, 20.8 liters blood were taken from 44 spotted fever convalescents between the 14th and 21st day after the fever had subsided, and sent by courier to the SS main headquarters (SS Fuehrungsha*uptamt) Department group (Amtsgruppe) D, Department (Amt) XVI (blood conservation) SS Sturmbannfuehrer (Major) Dr. ELLENBECK, Berlin- Lichterfelde.
Kluber 26 Oct 44:
Special experiment on 6 persons according to instructions of SS-Oberfuehrer Lecturer Dr. MRUGOWSKY and RKPA (Report on this orally).
Therapeutic experiment with spotted fever vaccine:
13 Nov 44:
By order of the highest hygienist of the Waffen SS of 12 Aug 44, is to be determined whether the course of spotted fever sickness can be tempered by the intravenous or intramuscular injection of spotted fever vaccine.
For the experimental series 20 persons were considered, of these 10 for intravenous injection (Series A), 10 for intramuscular injection (Series 3) and in addition 5 persons for control.
"On 13 November 1944 the 25 experimental persons were included by subcutaneous injection of 1/10 cc each spotted fever sick fresh blood.
"All persons fell sick as follows: Series A: 10 serious, Series B: 1 medium, 9 serious, Control: 5 serious.
"22 December 44: The experimental series was concluded.
"2 January 45: Chart and case history completed. 19 deaths (9 Series A. 6 series B, 4 control,)" that highly successful experimental series ordered by the Defendant Mrugowsky killed nineteen out of the twenty-five persons experimented upon.
This concludes the very illuminating Ding diary, and I think while perhaps the report submitted to the Tribunal in connection with the freezing experiments gave one of the shortest accounts in criminal history of seven murders-- you will remember that they were shown in an appendix attached to the report-- certainly this Ding diary gives us one of the most detailed reports of the murder of a large number of helpless human beings, and I think it would be appropriate at this point to sum up what the Ding diary shows. It is little difficult at times to be quite sure of the results reported in the Ding diary. We sometimes cannot tell what the precise results of this or that experiment was, but a capitulation which I have had made on this diary shows that in the typhus experiments from the fifth of January. 1942, through the Last entry in the diary to the second of January, 1945, no less than 729 person were experimented on with typhus and were infected with virulent typhus. As a result of these experiments no less than 154 of those persons dies as a result of these typhus experiments, and I wish to make clear, as testified to by the witness, Kogon, that these figures which I have just read off do not include those unhappy people who were selected and infected with virus simply to be sure that a living virus was available to the persons conducting these experiments or infection in the typhus experiments themselves. I think Kogon described those as the "passage group" were selected each month from the period of his entrance in Block 59 in April 1943, until March, 1945, for the simple purpose of infecting with a living typhus virus so that infection material would be continuously available in human blood for the further infection of people in the vaccination typhus experiments. That means that we would have to add to the death toll of 154 persons of figure between ninety and one hundred twenty additional people who died as a result of the so-called virus passage experiments since Kogon testified that between ninety and ninety-five percent of those person died as a result of the typhus infection.
On the yellow fever vaccine experiments which are reported on Page 42 of the English Document Book under the date entry of 10 January 1943 a very large number of people were experimented on with yellow fever. The results of this experiment are not stated in the diary, the notation being at the end of the entry: "Production abandoned because of Military situation." Of course, that they were saying there was that the German Armed Forces were losing out in North Africa, and that, consequently, the need for a yellow fever vaccine was no longer critical. The ambitious war lords of Germany, of course, expected to have their soldiers in Bakar and in the Western approaches of North Africa where yellow fever is extremely prevalent. Of course, that explains the reason why they showed such a keen interest in yellow fever vaccine.
The small pox, typhus, typhoid A and B, that is, paratyphoid, cholera, spotted fever and diphtheria experiments reported under an entry of 24 March 43 to 20 April 43 tells us that 45 persons were subjected to those experiments with the result not stated.
The incendiary bomb experiment performed, as the diary states, upon five persons, the entry being that of 19 November 43 to 25 November 43, with the result not stated. However, the witness, Kogon, enlightened us on that subject and described rather vividly the suffering of the persons that were subjected to this experiment. He stated, as I recall, that they are still bearing the scars as a result of these burning tests.
The two poison experiments reported in the diary of the 30th of December. '43, and the 26th of October, '44, show that ten persons were experimented upon, and the witness, Kogon, has testified that all ten either died as a result of the poison or were immediately killed in order perform autopsies upon their bodies.
This summary does not include the persons who died as a result of the old blood plasma experiments on behalf of the defendant Handloser's military medical academy or the withdrawal of blood from typhus convalescents for the purpose of making a serum, which was done for Department D of the SS Fuehrungshauptamt, headed by the defendant Genzken, nor does it cover the withdrawal of blood in the "little camp" to make blood plasma, where, as the witness, Kogon, stated, the inmates were dying like rats.
At this time the Prosecution would like to have the witness, Kirchheimer, called to the stand.
JUDGE SEBRING: What is the nationality of this witness, Mr. Hardy?
MR. HARDY: German nationality.
JUDGE SEBRING: All right.
FRITZ KIRCHHEIMER, a witness, took the stand and testified as follows:
BY JUDGE SEBRING:
Q. You will stand in your place at the witness chair, hold up your right hand and be sworn, repeating after me:
I swear by God, the Almighty and Omniscient, that I will speak the pure truth and will withhold and add nothing.
(The witness repeated the oath.)
JUDGE SEBRING: You may be seated.
DIRECT EXAMINATION BY MR. HARDY:
Q. Witness, your name is Fritz Kirchheimer, is it not?
A. Yes.
Q. Your last name is spelled K-i-r-c-h-h-e-i-m-e-r-?
A. Yes.
Q. Your were born on 10 March 1911?
A. Yes.
Q. Where were you born, witness?
A. In Heilbronn on the Neckar.
Q. You are now German citizen, witness?
A. Yes.
A. Yes.
Q. Would you kindly tell us what your present address is, witness?
A. Frankfurt on the Main, Offenbacher Landstrasse 543.
Q. Did you attend the public schools in Heilbronn?
A. Yes.
Q. When did you complete your education?
A. 1925.
Q. Would you kindly tell the Tribunal, witness, what you did from 1925 after the completion of your education until you were arrested by the Nazis and imprisoned?
A. For a short time I visited a commercial school, and then in 1926 went to South America. From there I went to the United States where I dealt with skins. In 1932 I returned to Germany. I became a buyer for a department store, and I was dismissed from the department store in 1935 because of the Nurnberg laws. Until my arrest I lived by selling leather goods.
Q. Witness, during all this period of time your major occupation was that of a salesman of leather goods?
A. Yes.
Q. Now, witness, prior to your arrest by the Nazis in 1936, were you ever before that time either in Germany, South America, or the United States in the custody of the police?
A. Yes.
Q. When was that, witness?
A. That was in 1928.
Q. Where?
A. Chicago.
Q. How long were you in the custody of the police, witness?
A. For twenty-four hours.
Q. Will you kindly tell the Tribunal the reason why you were in the custody of the police in Chicago?
A. At that time there was prohibition and I was arrested by the police in a drunken state.
Q. Thank you, witness. Now, witness, when were you placed under arrest by the Nazis?
A. On the 29th of December, 1936.
Q. What was the reason given for your arrest, witness?
A. Racial violation.
Q. You are a Jewish witness?
A. Yes.
Q. After your arrest by the Gestapo in December, 1936, where were you first imprisoned?
A. In the Gestapo prison in Cologne.
Q. How long did you remain in that prison, witness?
A. Seven months.
Q. Then where were you transferred to?
A. Then for six months I was in Wittlich on the Moselle.
Q. And then
A. And from there I went to Hausenmohr in Schleswig-Holstein, and from there in 1936, December, 1936,--or no, rather December, 1938, to Buchenwald.
Q. And you remained at Buchenwald until the liberation by the Allied Forces in April, 1945, witness?
A. From the 11th of April, 1945, I was liberated by the Americans in Buchenwald.
Q. Therefore, you were an inmate of the Buchenwald Concentration Camp for a period of time exceeding six years, witness?
A. Yes.
Q. Now, witness, when you arrived at the Buchenwald Concentration Camp, what was your first duty?
A. As a racial violator I was sent to the punishment company where for nearly three years I had to work in the quarry carrying stones and breaking them.
Q. After the end of three years working in this stone quarry, the punishment company, did you then receive a new assignment?