Part V of the Versailles Treaty (articles 159-202), on the limits on Germany's military forces, including the abolition of the general staff, limits on manpower and weaponry, the abolition of compulsory military service, the demilitarization of the Rhineland, and reduction of the navy and the prohibition of an air force

VERSAILLES TREATY, Part V. .
MILITARY, NAVAL AND AIR CLAUSES
In order to render possible the initiation of a general limitation of the armaments of all nations, Germany undertakes strictly to observe the military, naval and air clauses which follow:—
SECTION I MILITARY CLAUSES
CI^APTER 1
EFFECTIVES AND CADRES OF THE GERMAN ARMY.
Article 159
The German military forces shall be demobilized and reduced as prescribed hereinafter.
Article 160
(1) By a date which must not be later than March 31, 1920 the German Army must not comprise more than seven divisions of infantry and three divisions of cavalry.
After that date the total number of effectives in the Army of the States constituting Germany must not exceed one hundred thousand men, including officers and establishments of depots. The Army shall be devoted exclusively to the maintenance of order within the territory and to the control of the frontiers.
The total effective strength of officers, including the personnel of staffs, whatever their composition, must not exceed four thousand.
(2) Divisions and Army Corps headquarters staffs shall be organized in accordance with Table No. 1 annexed to this Section.
The number and strengths of the units of infantry, artillery, engineers, technical services and troops laid down in the aforesaid Table constitute maxima which must not be exceeded.
The following units may each have their own depot:
An Infantry regiment; '
A Cavalry regiment;
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A regiment of Field Artillery;
A battalion of Pioneers.
(3) The divisions must not be grouped under more than two army corps headquarters staffs.
The maintenance or formation of forces differently grouped or of other organizations for the command of troops or for preparation for war is forbidden.
The Great German General Staff and all similar organizations shall be dissolved and may not be reconstituted in any form.
The officers, or persons in the position of officers, in the Ministries of War in the different States in Germany and in the Administrations attached to them, must not exceed three hundred , in number and are included in the maximum strength of four thousand laid down in the third sub-paragraph of paragraph (1) of this Article.
Article 161
Army administrative services consisting of civilian personnel not included in the number of effectives prescribed by thfe present Treaty will have such personnel reduced in each class to one tenth of that laid down in the Budget of 1913.
The number of gendarmes and employees or officials of the local or -municipal police may only be increased to an extent corresponding to the increase of population since 1913 in the districts or municipalities in which they are employed.
These employees and officials may not be assembled for military training.
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Article 163 '
The reduction of the strength of the German military forces as provided for in Article 160 may be effected gradually in the following manner:
Within three months from the coming into force of the present Treaty the total number of effectives must be reduced to 200,000 and the number of units must not exceed twice the number of those laid down in Article 160.
At the expiration of this period, and at the end of each subsequent period of three months, a Conference of military experts of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers will fix the reductions to be made in the ensuing three months, so that by March 31, 1920, at the latest the total number of German effectives does not exceed the maximum number of 100,000 men laid down in Article 160. In these successive reductions the same ratio be-
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tween the number of officers and of men, and between the various kinds of units, shall be maintained as is laid down in that Article.
CHAPTER II
ARMAMENT, MUNITIONS AND MATERIAL.
Article 164
Up till the time at which Germany is admitted as a member of the League of Nations the German Army must not possess an armament greater than the amounts fixed in Table No. 11 annexed to this Section, with the exception of an optional increase not exceeding one-twenty-fifth part for small arms and one-fiftieth part for guns, which shall exclusively be used to provide for such eventual replacements as may be necessary.
Germany agrees that after she has become a member of the League of Nations the armaments fixed in the said Table shall remain in force until they are modified by the Council of the League. Furthermore she hereby agrees strictly to observe the decisions of the Council of the League on this subject.
Article 165
The maximum number of guns, machine guns, trench mortars, rifles and the amount of ammunition and equipment which Germany is allowed to maintain during the period between the coming into force of the present Treaty and the date of March 31, 1920, referred to in Article 160, shall bear the same proportion to the amount authorized in Table No. Ill annexed to this Section as the strength of the German Army as reduced from time to time in accordance with Article 163 bears to the strength permitted under Article 160.
Article 166
At the date of March 31, 1920, the stock of munitions which the German Army may have at its disposal shall not exceed the amounts fixed in Table No. Ill annexed to this Section.
Within the same period the German Government will store these stocks at points to be notified to the Governments of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers. The German Government is forbidden to establish any other stocks, depots or reserves of munitions.
Article 167
The number and calibre of the guns constituting at the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty, the armament of the fortified works, fortresses and any land or coast forts which Germany is allowed to retain must be notified immediately by the German Government to the Governments of the Principal Allied
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and Associated Powers, and will constitute maximum amounts which may not be exceeded.
Within two months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, the maximum stock of ammunition for these guns will be reduced to, and maintained at, the following uniform rates:— fifteen hundred rounds per piece for those the calibre of which is 10.5 cm. and under; five hundred rounds per piece for those of higher calibre.
- Article 168
The manufacture of arms, munitions, or any war material, shall only be carried out in factories or works the location of which shall be communicated to and approved by the Governments of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers, and the number of which they retain the right to restrict.
Within three months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, all other establishments for the manufacture, preparation, storage or design of arms, munitions or any war material whatever shall be closed down. The same applies to all arsenals except those used as depots for the authorized stocks of munitions. Within tjie same period the personnel of these arsenals will be dismissed.
Article 169
Within two months from the coming into force of the present Treaty German arms, munitions and war material, including anti-aircraft material, existing in Germany in excess of the quantities allowed, must be surrendered to the Governments of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers to be destroyed or rendered useless. This will also apply to any special plant intended for the manufacture of military material, except such as may be recognized as necessary for equipping the authorized strength of the German Army.
The surrender in question will be effected at such points in . German territory as may be selected by the said Governments.
Within the same period arms, munitions and war material, including anti-aircraft material, of origin other than German in whatever state they may be, will be delivered to the said Governments who will decide as to their disposal.
Arms and munitions which on account of the successive reductions in the strength of the German army become in excess of the amounts authorized by Tables II and III annexed to this Section must be handed over in the manner laid down above within such- periods as may be decided by the Conferences referred to in Article 163.
Article 170
Importation into Germany of arms, munitions and war material of every kind shall be strictly prohibited.
The same applies to the manufacture for, and export to, foreign countries of arms, munitions and war material of every kind.
Article 171
The use of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases and all analogous liquids, materials or devices being prohibited, their manufacture and importation are strictly forbidden in Germany.
The same applies to materials specially intended for the manufacture, storage and use of the said products or devices.
The manufacture and the importation into Germany of armoured cars, tanks and all similar constructions suitable for use in war are also prohibited.
Article 172
Within a period of three months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, the German Government will disclose to the Governments of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers the nature and mode of manufacture of all explosives, toxic substances or other like chemical preparations used by them in the war or prepared by them for the purpose of being so used.
Chapter hi
RECRUITING AND MILITARY TRAINING
Article 173
Universal compulsory military service shall be abolished in Germany. .
The German Army may only be constituted and recruited by means of voluntary enlistment.
Article 174
The period of enlistment for non-commissioned officers and privates must be twelve consecutive years.
The number of men discharged for any reason before expiration of their term of enlistment must not exceed in any year five per cent of the total effectives fixed by the second sub-paragraph of paragraph 1 of Article 160 of the present Treaty.
Article 175
The officers who are retained in the Army must undertake the obligation to serve in it up to the age of forty-five years at least.
. Officers newly appointed must undertake to serve on the active list for twenty-five consecutive years at least.
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Officers whb have previously belonged to any formations whatever of the Army, and who are not retained in the units allowed to be maintained, must not take part in any military exercise whether theoretical or practical, and will not be under any military obligations whatever.
The number of officers discharged for any reason before the expiration of their term of service must not exceed in any year five per cent of the total effectives of officers provided for in the third sub-paragraph of paragraph 1 of Article 160 of the present Treaty.
Article 176
On the expiration of two months from the coming into force of the present Treaty there must only exist in Germany the number of military schools which is absolutely indispensable for the recruitment of the officers of the units allowed. These schools will be exclusively intended for the recruitment of officers of each arm, in the proportion of one school per arm.
The number of students admitted to attend the courses of the said schools will be strictly in proportion to. the vacancies to be filled in the cadres of officers. The students and the cadres will be reckoned in the effectives fixed by the second and third subparagraphs of paragraph 1 of Article 160 of the present Treaty.
Consequently, and during the period fixed above, all military academies or similar institutions in Germany, as well as the different military schools for officers, student officers (Aspiranten), cadets, non-commissioned officers or student non-commissioned officers (Aspiranten), other than the schools above provided for, will be abolished.
Article 177
Educational establishments, the universities, societies of discharged soldiers, shooting or touring clubs and, generally speaking, associations of every description, whatever the age of their members, must not occupy themselves with any military matters.
In particular they will be forbidden to instruct or exercise their members, or to allow them to be instructed or exercised, in the profession or use of arms. .
These Societies, associations, educational establishments and universities must have no connection with the Ministries of War or any other military authority.
Article 178
All measures of mobilization or appertaining to mobilization are forbidden.
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In no case must formations, administrative services or Genera] Staffs include supplementary cadres.
Article 179
Germany agrees, from the coming into force of the present Treaty, not to accredit nor to send to any foreign country any military, naval or, air mission, nor to allow any such mission to leave her territory, and Germany further agrees to take appropriate measure to prevent German nationals from leaving her territory to become enrolled in the Army, Navy or Air service of any foreign Power, or to be attached to such Army, Navy or Air service for the purpose of assisting in the military, naval or air training thereof, or otherwise for the purpose of giving military, naval or air instruction in any foreign country.
The Allied and Associated Powers agree, so far as they are concerned, from the coming into force of the present Treaty, not to enroll in nor to attach to their armies or naval or air forces any German national for the purpose of assisting in the military training of such armies or naval or air forces, or otherwise to employ any such German national as military, naval or aeronautic instructor.
The present provision does not, however, affect the right of France to recruit for the Foreign Legion in accordance with French military laws and regulations.
CHAPTER IV FORTIFICATIONS
Article 180
All fortified works, fortresses and field works situated in German territory to the west of a line drawn fifty kilometres to the east of the Rhine shall be disarmed and dismantled.
Within a period of two months from the coming into force of the present Treaty such of the above fortified works, fortresses and field works as are situated in territory not occupied by Allied and Associated troops shall be disarmed and within a further period of four months they shall be dismantled.. Those which are situated in territory occupied by Allied and Associated troops shall be disarmed and dismantled within such periods as may be fixed by the Allied High Command.
The construction of any new fortification, whatever its nature and importance is forbidden in the zone referred to in the first paragraph above.
The system of fortified works of the southern and eastern frontiers of Germany shall be maintained in its existing state.
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TABLE No. 1.
STATE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF ARMY CORPS HEADQUARTERS STAFFS AND OF INFANTRY AND CAVALRY DIVISIONS
These tabular statements do not form a fixed establishment to be imposed on Germany, but the figures contained in them (number of units and strengths) represent maximum figures, which should not in any case be exceeded.
L—ARMY CORPS HEADQUARTERS STAFFS.
Unit. Maximum No. Authorized Maximum Strengths of each Unit.
Officers N.C.O.'s and men
Army fVvrps TTAnHqnnrtprs Staff 2 30 150
Total for Headquarters Staffs
- 60 300

II.—ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INFANTRY DIVISION.
Maximum No. of such Units in a Maximum Strengths of each Unit.
Unit. Single Division Officers N.C.O.'s and men
Headquarters of an infantry division . . 1 25 70
Headquarters of divisional infantry .... 1 4 30
Headquarters of divisional artillery .... 1 4 30
Regiment of infantry (Each regiment comprises 3 battalions of infantry. Each battalion comprises 3 companies of infantry and 1 machine gun company) 3 70 2,300
Trench mortar company 3 6 150
Divisional squadron 1 6 150
Field artillery regiment (Each regiment comprises 3 groups of artillery. Each group comprises 3 batteries.) 1 85 1,300
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Maximum No. of such U nits in a Maximum Strengths of each Unit
Unit. Single Division Officers N.C.O.'s and men
Pioneer battalion (This battalion comprises 2 companies of pioneers, 1 pontoon detachment, 1 search-light section.) , 1 12 400
Signal detachment (This detachment comprises 1 telephone detachment, 1 listening section, 1 carrier pigeon section.) 1 12 300
Divisional medical service 1 20 400
Parks .and convoys - 14 800
Total for infantry division - 410 10,830
III—ESTABLISHMENT OF A CAVALRY DIVISION.
Maximum No. of such Units in a Maximum Strengths of each Unit.
Unit. Single Division Officers N.C.O.'s and men
Headquarters of a cavalry division .: .. 1 15 50
Cavalry regiment 6 40 800
(Each Tegiment comprises 4 .squadrons.) Horse artillery group (3 batteries) .... 1 20 400
Total for cavalry division 275 5,250
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TABLE No. 2